Keijzer C J
Department of Plant Cytology and Morphology, Agricultural University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
New Phytol. 1987 Mar;105(3):487-498. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00886.x.
The process of anther opening was followed in different species by means of light and electron microscopical techniques, stereo microscopical observation inside living tissues and micromanipulation. From these data and a review of the mainly very old literature on this subject, the opening process is outlined. It consists of the following stages: (1) Expansion of the epidermis and endothecium cells and deposition of U-shaped wall thickenings inside the latter. (2) Enzymatic opening of the septum between two locules. (3) Mechanical rupture of the tapetum. (4) Mechanical opening of the stomium by the centripetal force of the highly turgescent epidermis and endothecium. (5) Outward bending of the locule walls by the centrifugal force of the dehydrating epidermis and endothecium. Steps (4) and (5) clearly reflect the mechanical functions of the two latter tissues. The roles of the other anther tissues and the filament during the earlier stages are discussed.
通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术、在活组织内部进行体视显微镜观察以及显微操作，对不同物种的花药开裂过程进行了跟踪研究。根据这些数据以及对该主题主要是非常古老文献的综述，概述了开裂过程。它包括以下几个阶段：（1）表皮细胞和药室内壁细胞扩张，后者内部沉积U形壁加厚。（2）两个花粉囊之间的隔膜通过酶解打开。（3）绒毡层的机械破裂。（4）高度膨胀的表皮和药室内壁的向心力量使裂口机械打开。（5）脱水的表皮和药室内壁的离心力量使花粉囊壁向外弯曲。步骤（4）和（5）清楚地反映了后两种组织的机械功能。还讨论了花药其他组织和花丝在早期阶段的作用。
