Dong Tingting, Wang Lixuan, Wang Rui, Yang Xi, Jia Wenjie, Yi Mingfang, Zhou Xiaofeng, He Junna
Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Kunming, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Feb 8;14:1128911. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128911. eCollection 2023.
Lily ( spp. and hybrids) is an important cut flower crop worldwide. Lily flowers have large anthers, which release a large amount of pollen that stains the tepals or clothing and thus can affect the commercial value of cut flowers. In this study, lily Oriental 'Siberia' was used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of lily anther development, which may provide information to prevent pollen pollution in the future. Based on the flower bud length, anther length and color, and anatomical observations, lily anther development was categorized into five stages: green (G), green-to-yellow 1 (GY1), green-to-yellow 2 (GY2), yellow (Y), and purple (P). Total RNA was extracted from the anthers at each stage for transcriptomic analysis. A total of 268.92-Gb clean reads were generated, and 81,287 unigenes were assembled and annotated. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and unique genes were largest for the pairwise comparison between the G and GY1 stages. The G and P samples were clustered separately, whereas the GY1, GY2, and Y samples were clustered together in scatter plots from a principal component analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of DEGs detected in the GY1, GY2, and Y stages revealed that the pectin catabolic process, hormone levels, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were enriched. The DEGs associated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling were highly expressed at the early stages (G and GY1), whereas the DEGs associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were mainly expressed in the intermediate stages (GY1, GY2, and Y). The DEGs involved in the pectin catabolic process were expressed at advanced stages (Y and P). Cucumber mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of and caused a strongly inhibited anther dehiscence phenotype, but without affecting the development of other floral organs. These results provide novel insights for understanding the regulatory mechanism of anther development in lily and other plants.
百合（百合属物种及杂种）是全球重要的切花作物。百合花的花药较大，会释放大量花粉，这些花粉会弄脏花被片或衣物，进而可能影响切花的商业价值。在本研究中，选用东方百合‘西伯利亚’来探究百合花药发育的调控机制，这可能为未来防止花粉污染提供信息。基于花蕾长度、花药长度和颜色以及解剖学观察，百合花药发育可分为五个阶段：绿色（G）、绿转黄1（GY1）、绿转黄2（GY2）、黄色（Y）和紫色（P）。从每个阶段的花药中提取总RNA进行转录组分析。共产生了268.92Gb的clean reads，组装并注释了81287个单基因。在G和GY1阶段的成对比较中，差异表达基因（DEG）和独特基因的数量最多。G和P样本分别聚类，而在主成分分析的散点图中，GY1、GY2和Y样本聚类在一起。对在GY1、GY2和Y阶段检测到的DEG进行基因本体论和京都基因与基因组百科全书分析，结果显示果胶分解代谢过程、激素水平和苯丙烷生物合成过程显著富集。与茉莉酸生物合成和信号传导相关的DEG在早期阶段（G和GY1）高表达，而与苯丙烷生物合成相关的DEG主要在中间阶段（GY1、GY2和Y）表达。参与果胶分解代谢过程的DEG在后期阶段（Y和P）表达。黄瓜花叶病毒诱导的 和 基因沉默导致花药开裂表型受到强烈抑制，但不影响其他花器官的发育。这些结果为理解百合及其他植物花药发育的调控机制提供了新的见解。
