Turner Judith, Innes J B, Simmons I G
Departments of Biological Sciences and Geography, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
New Phytol. 1993 Mar;123(3):599-647. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03772.x.
The results of investigating a series of 11 pollen and stratigraphic profiles in peats along a 350 m stream section are described. Each profile has a small pollen catchment overlapping little with its neighbour's and the diagrams therefore show fine spatial resolution of the vegetational history. Fine temporal resolution is provided by 1 cm, or for certain sections 1 mm, interval samples. There is evidence that during the Mesolithic distinct patches of the local forest vegetation, of the order of tens rather than hundreds of metres in diameter, were managed by burning and the regular lopping of branches, for periods of up to a few hundred years each. Peat inception is thought to have occurred as early as the 9th millenium BP in some parts of the stream and up to 3000 yr later in others. Lopping and burning was the immediate cause at most sites within the channel of the gill, although fine-scale topographic and geological variation affected the timing. The developing peat was bordered by an alder carr in the lower and middle reaches of the stream. Radiocarbon dating of the mid-Flandrian Ulmus decline shows it to be asynchronous. It was caused by a combination of factors including disease and the affect the mesolithic management practices had had on the soil earlier in the Flandrian.
本文描述了对沿一段350米溪流剖面的泥炭中一系列11个花粉和地层剖面的调查结果。每个剖面都有一个较小的花粉采集区域，与相邻区域的重叠很少，因此这些图表展示了植被历史的精细空间分辨率。通过1厘米或某些剖面1毫米的间隔采样提供了精细的时间分辨率。有证据表明，在中石器时代，当地森林植被的不同斑块，直径约为几十米而非几百米，通过焚烧和定期修剪树枝进行管理，每次管理持续长达几百年。泥炭形成被认为在溪流的某些部分早在公元前9000年就已发生，而在其他部分则晚了3000年。在鳃沟河道内的大多数地点，修剪和焚烧是直接原因，尽管精细尺度上的地形和地质变化影响了时间。发育中的泥炭在溪流的中下游被桤木林环绕。对弗拉芒中期榆树减少的放射性碳年代测定表明其是不同步的。这是由多种因素共同导致的，包括疾病以及中石器时代管理实践在弗拉芒早期对土壤产生的影响。
