Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Exercise Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021 Sep;15(9):1121-1133. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1919089. Epub 2021 May 4.
: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the relationship between these two entities is not fully understood; smoking, inflammation, arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are significant determinants. Endothelial dysfunction is not only associated with cardiovascular disease, but also with COPD severity.: Several functional methods have been developed to evaluate endothelial function in healthy and diseased individuals; from the invasive angiography of epicardial coronary arteries and Venous-Occlusion-Plethysmography, to more modern, noninvasive approaches such as Flow-Mediated-Dilatation, Peripheral-Arterial-Tonometry and Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy, all these methods have boosted clinical research in this field. In this context, this narrative review, which included articles published in PubMed and Scopus up to 25-November-2020, summarizes available functional methods for endothelial damage assessment in COPD and discusses existing evidence on their associations with comorbidities and outcomes in this population.: Accumulated evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction occurs in early stages of CΟPD and worsens with pulmonary obstruction severity and during acute exacerbations. Novel methods evaluating endothelial function offer a detailed, real-time assessment of different parameters related to vascular function and should be increasingly used to shed more light on the role of endothelial damage on cardiovascular and COPD progression.
: 心血管疾病是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者死亡的主要原因，但这两者之间的关系尚未完全阐明；吸烟、炎症、动脉僵硬和内皮功能障碍是重要的决定因素。内皮功能障碍不仅与心血管疾病有关，而且与 COPD 的严重程度有关。: 已经开发了几种功能方法来评估健康和患病个体的内皮功能；从心外膜冠状动脉的有创血管造影术和静脉闭塞体积描记术，到更现代的无创方法，如血流介导的扩张、外周动脉张力测定和近红外光谱，所有这些方法都推动了该领域的临床研究。在这种情况下，这篇叙述性综述包括截至 2020 年 11 月 25 日在 PubMed 和 Scopus 上发表的文章，总结了 COPD 内皮损伤评估的可用功能方法，并讨论了现有证据表明它们与该人群的合并症和结局的关系。: 越来越多的证据表明，内皮功能障碍发生在 COPD 的早期阶段，并随着肺阻塞严重程度和急性加重而恶化。评估内皮功能的新方法提供了与血管功能相关的不同参数的详细实时评估，应该越来越多地用于更深入地了解内皮损伤对心血管和 COPD 进展的作用。
