Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7HX, UK.
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological, Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
Vision Res. 2021 Aug;185:17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
Navon hierarchical stimuli are designed to measure responses to the global level (grouped local elements, e.g. a forest) and the local level (individuated local elements, e.g. trees) of a visual scene. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that there are developmental changes in global and local processing. We examined global and local processing in 135 typically developing children in Year 1 (aged 5-6 year), Year 3 (aged 7-8 years), and Year 5 (aged 9-10 years). Participants completed a range of Navon tasks, each with different attentional demands. The design of the Navon stimuli remained constant across the tasks, ensuring that any task-related differences were not due to stimulus characteristics. Sixty children from Years 1 and 3 repeated the testing session two years later. Linear mixed model analyses combined longitudinal and cross-sectional data to assess developmental changes and the influence of attentional task demands on responses. The results revealed differing patterns of global and local processing responses according to Year group and attentional task demands. We found some evidence of developmental change in responses from a relatively more local advantage to a relatively more global advantage, which is consistent with the literature. However, the age at which this transition occurred varied across the tasks. We conclude that responses to hierarchical Navon stimuli are modulated by attentional task characteristics which mask any underlying global or local processing advantage.
纳冯层次刺激旨在测量对视觉场景全局水平（分组的局部元素，例如森林）和局部水平（个体化的局部元素，例如树木）的反应。横断面证据表明，全局和局部处理存在发育变化。我们检查了 135 名典型发展儿童在第 1 年（5-6 岁）、第 3 年（7-8 岁）和第 5 年（9-10 岁）的全局和局部处理。参与者完成了一系列纳冯任务，每个任务的注意力需求都不同。纳冯刺激的设计在整个任务中保持不变，以确保任何与任务相关的差异不是由于刺激特征造成的。来自第 1 年和第 3 年的 60 名儿童在两年后重复了测试会议。线性混合模型分析结合纵向和横断面数据来评估发育变化以及注意力任务需求对反应的影响。结果表明，根据年龄组和注意力任务需求，全局和局部处理反应呈现出不同的模式。我们发现了一些证据表明，从相对更局部的优势到相对更全局的优势的反应存在发育变化，这与文献一致。然而，这种转变发生的年龄因任务而异。我们得出结论，对分层纳冯刺激的反应受到注意力任务特征的调节，这些特征掩盖了任何潜在的全局或局部处理优势。
