Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
J Appl Genet. 2021 Sep;62(3):445-453. doi: 10.1007/s13353-021-00630-7. Epub 2021 Apr 21.
The peopling of the Americas by Native Americans occurred in 4 waves of which the last was Nadene language speakers of whom Athabaskans are the largest group. As the Europeans were entering the Southwestern states of the USA, Athabaskan hunting-gathering tribes were migrating South from Canada along the Rocky Mountains and undergoing potential bottlenecks reflected in autosomal recessive diseases shared by Apaches and Navajos. About 300 years ago, the Navajo developing a sedentary culture learned from Pueblo Indians while the Apache remained hunter-gathers. Although most of the tribe was rounded up and forced to relocate to Bosque Redondo, the adult breeding population was large enough to prevent a genetic bottleneck. However, some Navajo underwent further population bottlenecks while hiding from the brutal US Army action (under Kit Carson's guidance). This led to an increased frequency of other autosomal recessive diseases. Recent advances in population genetics, pathophysiology of the diseases, and social/ethical issues concerning their study are reviewed.
美洲原住民的迁徙经历了 4 波，其中最后一波是纳德内语（Nadene language）使用者，而阿萨巴斯卡语族（Athabaskans）是其中最大的群体。当欧洲人进入美国西南部各州时，阿萨巴斯卡狩猎采集部落正从加拿大沿落基山脉向南迁移，并经历了由阿帕切语（Apache）和纳瓦霍语（Navajo）共享的常染色体隐性疾病反映的潜在瓶颈。大约 300 年前，发展出定居文化的纳瓦霍人从普韦布洛印第安人那里学习，而阿帕切人仍然是狩猎采集者。尽管该部落的大部分人被围捕并被迫迁移到红河谷（Bosque Redondo），但成年繁殖人口足够多，足以防止遗传瓶颈。然而，一些纳瓦霍人在躲避残酷的美国军队行动（在基特·卡森的指导下）时经历了进一步的人口瓶颈。这导致其他常染色体隐性疾病的频率增加。本文综述了人口遗传学、疾病的病理生理学以及研究这些疾病的社会/伦理问题的最新进展。
