Quintessence Int. 2021 May 7;52(6):548-559. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b1244431.
Effects of modern cellular technology on our lives is a relatively new topic of interest. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of smartphone use on daytime sleepiness, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and bruxism (sleep and awake) among young adults in Israel.
Questionnaires on demographic variables, mobile phone use characteristics, anxiety, depression, daytime sleepiness, bruxism (sleep and awake), and diagnosis of TMD were filled in by ultra-Orthodox young adults (18 to 35 years of age) using a simple mobile device with no internet connection, religious young adults who use an internet-connected smartphone solely for work purposes, and secular young adults with an internet-connected smartphone for unlimited use.
Various aspects of smartphone use, including being awakened at night by the phone, stress caused by information delivered by the phone, and stress from phone overuse increased the risks of daytime sleepiness, TMD, and bruxism. Those sequelae are associated with substantial negative effects on both the individual and society. High risks of motor vehicle accidents, chronic orofacial pain, and irreversible damage to hard dental tissue structures are some of those negative consequences.
The adverse effects of smartphone use on daytime sleepiness, TMD, and bruxism are substantial. Their influence on public health and health care costs are causes of concern. (Quintessence Int 2021;52:548-559; doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b1244431).
现代细胞技术对我们生活的影响是一个相对较新的研究课题。本研究旨在调查智能手机使用对以色列年轻人日间嗜睡、颞下颌关节紊乱（TMD）和磨牙症（睡眠和清醒时）的影响。
采用简单的无互联网连接的移动设备，由极端正统派年轻人（18 至 35 岁）填写关于人口统计学变量、手机使用特征、焦虑、抑郁、日间嗜睡、磨牙症（睡眠和清醒时）和 TMD 诊断的问卷，宗教背景的年轻人仅将具有互联网连接的智能手机用于工作目的，而世俗的年轻人则将具有互联网连接的智能手机用于无限使用。
智能手机使用的各个方面，包括被手机夜间唤醒、手机传递的信息引起的压力以及手机过度使用引起的压力，都会增加日间嗜睡、TMD 和磨牙症的风险。这些后果会对个人和社会产生重大负面影响。这些负面影响包括机动车事故、慢性或颌面疼痛以及对硬牙科组织结构的不可逆损害等风险。
智能手机使用对日间嗜睡、TMD 和磨牙症的不良影响是巨大的。它们对公共健康和医疗保健成本的影响令人担忧。（国际口腔医学杂志 2021 年；52:548-559；doi：10.3290/j.qi.b1244431）。
