Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 3077, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 21;21(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03209-y.
Despite being discussed in the psychiatric literature for decades, very little is known about personality features associated with trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (known as body focused repetitive behavior disorders, BFRBs); and the contribution of personality traits to their clinical presentations.
The present study assessed personality traits in a large and well-characterized sample of adults with either trichotillomania or skin picking disorder or both.
Adults (n = 98, aged 18-65 years), with trichotillomania (n = 37), skin picking disorder (n = 32), both trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (n = 10), and controls (n = 19) were enrolled. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to quantify personality (NEO Personality Inventory), as well as extent/severity of picking/pulling symptoms, mood and anxiety, impulsive and perfectionistic tendencies, and neurocognitive functioning. Group differences were characterized and correlations with other measures were examined.
In comparison to controls, BFRBs had elevated neuroticism scores (p < 0.001), lower extraversion scores (p = 0.023), and lower conscientiousness scores (p = 0.007). Neuroticism was significantly related to both hair pulling (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and skin picking severity (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), as well as elevated perceived stress, worse anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poorer quality of life. Introversion (i.e. lower extraversion) was significantly associated with worse picking severity, higher perceived stress, and higher depression. Lack of conscientiousness was significantly associated with more depression, impulsivity, and perceived stress.
Personality traits of neuroticism, introversion, and lack of conscientiousness are heightened in individuals with BFRBs and show strong associations with a number of clinically relevant features of illness. The holistic understanding and treatment of these disorders is likely to require consideration of dimensional traits such as these.
尽管数十年来精神科文献中一直在讨论，但人们对与拔毛癖和皮肤搔抓障碍（称为身体聚焦性重复行为障碍，BFRBs）相关的人格特征知之甚少；以及人格特质对其临床表现的贡献。
本研究评估了大量特征明确的成年人中，患有拔毛癖或皮肤搔抓障碍或两者兼有患者的人格特质。
招募了成年人（n=98 人，年龄 18-65 岁），其中患有拔毛癖（n=37）、皮肤搔抓障碍（n=32）、拔毛癖和皮肤搔抓障碍均有的患者（n=10）和对照组（n=19）。参与者完成了自我报告问卷以量化人格（大五人格问卷），以及搔抓/牵拉症状的严重程度、情绪和焦虑、冲动和完美主义倾向、神经认知功能。描述了组间差异，并检查了与其他测量的相关性。
与对照组相比，BFRBs 具有更高的神经质得分（p<0.001），更低的外向性得分（p=0.023）和更低的尽责性得分（p=0.007）。神经质与头发牵拉（r=0.24，p<0.001）和皮肤搔抓严重程度（r=0.48，p<0.001）显著相关，以及感知压力增加、焦虑和抑郁症状恶化、生活质量下降。内向性（即较低的外向性）与更严重的搔抓严重程度、更高的感知压力和更高的抑郁显著相关。缺乏尽责性与更多的抑郁、冲动和感知压力显著相关。
BFRBs 患者的神经质、内向性和缺乏尽责性等人格特质较高，与疾病的许多临床相关特征密切相关。这些障碍的整体理解和治疗可能需要考虑这些维度特征。
