Jiang Shao-Yi, Sun Bo-Wen, Dai Hai-Tao, Wang Run-Fang, Ma Da-Wei, Zhu Ren-Bin
Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 May 8;42(5):2169-2178. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202009012.
The composition, physical and chemical properties, sources, and temporal and spatial changes in airborne particulate matter have been extensively investigated in previous studies. However, less is known about bioaerosols, which are mainly composed of bacteria and fungi and constitute up to 25% of the total airborne particulate matter. In this study, we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography to determine the concentrations of trace elements and water-soluble ions in atmospheric particulates, respectively. These analyses were combined with high-throughput sequencing methods and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze the microbial compositions in PM, PM, and PM samples, which were collected from July to September in Hefei City. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the bacterial community diversity across the three size fractions (analysis of variance (ANOVA), >0.05). The bacterial and fungal community diversities on sunny days were lower than those on rainy days, and the bacterial community diversity in all samples was significantly higher than the fungal community diversity (ANOVA, <0.01). The predominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (46.19%), Firmicutes (33.42%), Bacteroidetes (10.99%), Cyanobacteria (3.33%), and Actinobacteria (2.11%). Ascomycota (73.23%), Basidiomycota (5.78%), Mortierellomycota (3.41%), and Mucoromycota (0.10%) were the dominant fungal phyla. Our results indicated that soils, plant leaves, and animal feces were the dominant sources of airborne bacterial communities in Hefei City, and the main sources of the fungal communities were plant leaves and soils. The bacterial community was mainly affected by K, Pb, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, NO, and wind speed, and the main influencing factors of the fungal community were V, Mn, Sr, NO, NO, Na, Cl, the air quality index, and PM. In addition, nine specific bacteria and fungi that are linked to human health risks were identified, including , , , , , , , , and , which can lead to a wide range of diseases in humans and other organisms. The research results are helpful for revealing the various characteristics of airborne microbial communities, their influencing factors, and their impacts on human health, and are an important reference for subsequent research and the formulation of government policies.
以往的研究对大气颗粒物的组成、理化性质、来源以及时空变化进行了广泛调查。然而，对于生物气溶胶的了解较少，生物气溶胶主要由细菌和真菌组成，占大气颗粒物总量的25%。在本研究中，我们分别使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和离子色谱法测定大气颗粒物中微量元素和水溶性离子的浓度。这些分析与高通量测序方法和实时定量聚合酶链反应相结合，以分析从合肥市7月至9月收集的PM、PM和PM样品中的微生物组成。结果表明，三个粒径分级的细菌群落多样性没有显著差异（方差分析（ANOVA），>0.05）。晴天的细菌和真菌群落多样性低于雨天，所有样品中的细菌群落多样性显著高于真菌群落多样性（ANOVA，<0.01）。主要的细菌门为变形菌门（46.19%）、厚壁菌门（33.42%）、拟杆菌门（10.99%）、蓝细菌门（3.33%）和放线菌门（2.11%）。子囊菌门（73.23%）、担子菌门（5.78%）、被孢霉门（3.41%）和毛霉门（0.10%）是主要的真菌门。我们的结果表明，土壤、植物叶片和动物粪便为合肥市大气细菌群落的主要来源，真菌群落的主要来源是植物叶片和土壤。细菌群落主要受钾、铅、铝、铁、镁、钙、钠、硝酸根和风速的影响，真菌群落的主要影响因素为钒、锰、锶、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、钠、氯、空气质量指数和颗粒物。此外，还鉴定出9种与人类健康风险相关的特定细菌和真菌，包括……，它们可导致人类和其他生物体的多种疾病。研究结果有助于揭示大气微生物群落的各种特征、其影响因素以及对人类健康的影响，为后续研究和政府政策制定提供重要参考。
