Ding Yang, Zhao Jin-Yong, Zhang Jing, Fu Yi-Cheng, Peng Wen-Qi, Chen Qu-Chang, Li Yan-Yan
Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 May 8;42(5):2232-2239. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202009244.
To identify the spatial differences in the water quality and eutrophication characteristics of Songhua Lake, the largest artificial lake in northeast China, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and factor analysis were used to analyze the water quality sampling and testing results in 2017 in three regions, namely the main reservoir area of the Fengman Reservoir (MRAFR), the experimental area of the Songhua River Three Lakes Protection Zone (EASRTLPZ), and the Jiaohe River backwater area (JRBA). The nutrient status of the lake was evaluated by the trophic state index method, and the spatial correlation and aggregation status of the eutrophication level in Songhua Lake were studied using spatial autocorrelation analysis. The main results were as follows: ① the ANOVA showed that, except for dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), there were significant differences (<0.05) in the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), water temperature (WT), and pH in the three areas of Songhua Lake, with the clearest difference between TN and TP. ② The factor analysis showed that the changes in the climatic condition factor (WT), nutrient salt factors (TN and TP), and algal biomass factor (Chl-a) dominated the water quality in the lake. ③ The results of the trophic state index showed that the nutrient status of Songhua Lake as a whole is mildly eutrophic, and the eutrophication levels of the three regions from strong to weak are JRBA > MRAFR > EASRTLPZ. ④ The global spatial autocorrelation showed that the eutrophication level of the lake as a whole has significant positive spatial autocorrelation owing to the influence of regional eutrophication levels. The spatial heterogeneity of the eutrophication level of Songhua Lake is low. ⑤ The results of the local spatial autocorrelation showed that the central and northern areas of JRBA are the hot spots (high/high concentration) of eutrophication in the lake (<0.01), and the central part of EASRTLPZ is the cold spot (low/low concentration) of eutrophication in the lake (<0.05). Therefore, when conducting water environmental management of Songhua Lake, the key areas for eutrophication control should be the JRBA and MRAFR.
为识别中国东北最大人工湖松花湖水质及富营养化特征的空间差异，采用方差分析（ANOVA）和因子分析方法，对2017年松花湖三个区域，即丰满水库主库区（MRAFR）、松花江三湖保护区试验区（EASRTLPZ）和蛟河回水区域（JRBA）的水质采样检测结果进行分析。采用营养状态指数法评价湖泊营养状况，并运用空间自相关分析研究松花湖富营养化水平的空间相关性和聚集状况。主要结果如下：①方差分析表明，除溶解氧和叶绿素a（Chl-a）外，松花湖三个区域的总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、水温（WT）和pH值存在显著差异（<0.05），其中TN和TP的差异最为明显。②因子分析表明，气候条件因子（WT）、营养盐因子（TN和TP）和藻类生物量因子（Chl-a）的变化主导了湖泊水质。③营养状态指数结果表明，松花湖整体营养状况为轻度富营养化，三个区域富营养化程度由强到弱依次为JRBA>MRAFR>EASRTLPZ。④全局空间自相关表明，受区域富营养化水平影响，湖泊整体富营养化水平具有显著的正空间自相关性。松花湖富营养化水平的空间异质性较低。⑤局部空间自相关结果表明，JRBA的中部和北部区域是湖泊富营养化的热点区域（高/高浓度）（<0.01），EASRTLPZ的中部是湖泊富营养化的冷点区域（低/低浓度）（<0.05）。因此，在对松花湖进行水环境管理时，富营养化控制的重点区域应为JRBA和MRAFR。
