Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Center for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2021 Aug;161:107180. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107180. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Australian freshwater fishes are a relatively species-poor assemblage, mostly comprising groups derived from older repeated freshwater invasions by marine ancestors, plus a small number of Gondwanan lineages. These taxa are both highly endemic and highly threatened, but a comprehensive phylogeny for Australian freshwater fishes is lacking. This has hampered efforts to study their phylogenetic diversity, distribution of extinction risk, speciation rates, and rates of trait evolution. Here, we present a comprehensive dated phylogeny of 412 Australian fishes. We include all formally recognized freshwater species plus a number of genetically distinct subpopulations, species awaiting formal description, and predominantly brackish-water species that sometimes enter fresh water. The phylogeny was inferred using maximum-likelihood analysis of a multilocus data set comprising six mitochondrial and three nuclear genes from 326 taxa. We inferred the evolutionary timescale using penalized likelihood, then used a statistical approach to add 86 taxa for which no molecular data were available. The time-tree inferred in our study will provide a useful resource for macroecological studies of Australian freshwater fishes by enabling corrections for phylogenetic non-independence in evolutionary and ecological comparative analyses.
澳大利亚淡水鱼类的物种相对较少，主要由来自海洋祖先的古老重复淡水入侵形成的群体组成，加上少数冈瓦纳世系。这些分类群既有高度的特有性又有高度的威胁性，但澳大利亚淡水鱼类的综合系统发育关系图谱却缺乏。这阻碍了对其系统发育多样性、灭绝风险分布、物种形成率以及特征进化率的研究。在这里，我们提出了一个全面的、基于时间的 412 种澳大利亚鱼类的系统发育关系图谱。我们包括了所有正式认定的淡水物种，加上一些遗传上不同的亚种群、有待正式描述的物种以及主要生活在半咸水但有时会进入淡水的物种。该系统发育关系图谱是使用来自 326 个分类群的六个线粒体和三个核基因的多点最大似然分析推断得出的。我们使用惩罚似然法推断进化时间尺度，然后使用一种统计方法添加了 86 个没有分子数据的分类群。本研究推断出的时间树将为澳大利亚淡水鱼类的宏观生态学研究提供有用的资源，通过在进化和生态比较分析中纠正系统发育非独立性。
