Hovmand-Hansen Trine, Nielsen Søren Saxmose, Jensen Tina B, Vestergaard Kaj, Nielsen Mai Britt F, Jensen Henrik E
Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Dept. of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Prev Vet Med. 2021 Apr 10;191:105343. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105343.
Umbilical hernia and other conditions clinically evident as umbilical outpouchings (UOs) affect the welfare and economy in Danish pig production. The objectives of the current study were to characterize the associations between 1) time of detection of the UOs and the odds of dying before scheduled slaughter; 2) time of death, irrespective of the cause, and clinical signs of the UOs, i.e. general condition, size, reducibility, form and skin-color of the UOs; and 3) occurrence of wounds on the UOs and clinical signs: general condition, size, reducibility, form and skin-color. A cohort of Danish conventional pigs with UOs (n = 255) were followed from the detection of an UO until spontaneous death, euthanization or slaughter of the pig. The pigs were clinically examined once a month, and when pigs with an UO died spontaneously, were euthanized or slaughtered, the causes and date of death were recorded. The effects of the clinical manifestations on overall survival were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. In total 57 % of the pigs died spontaneously or were euthanized before slaughter. The median age of spontaneous death or euthanasia was 85 days. The UOs were detected at different ages, with half of the pigs (52 %) detected in the farrowing section. No significant association was found between death before scheduled slaughter and the time of detection. Three different clinical manifestations were found to have a prognostic value for overall survival until slaughter, i.e. skin-color of the UO, a general condition of the pig and the size of the UO. An interaction was present between the size and the skin-color of the UO. Wounds on the UO were the most frequent complication resulting in euthanasia (37 %). The odds for developing a wound on the UO were higher for pigs in a general bad condition compared to pigs in a good condition (OR, 5.4; 95 % CL 2.5-11.3), and for pigs with an UO large in size compared to pigs with a small UO (OR, 4.8; 95 % CL 3.0-7.5). The identification of prognostic clinical signs in pigs with an UO is useful in the assessment and decision-making in relation to the future prospects of pigs with UOs.
脐疝和其他临床上表现为脐部突出（UO）的病症影响丹麦生猪生产的福利和经济。本研究的目的是确定以下关联：1）脐部突出的检测时间与预定屠宰前死亡几率之间的关联；2）死亡时间（无论原因）与脐部突出的临床体征之间的关联，即脐部突出的一般状况、大小、可复性、形态和皮肤颜色；3）脐部突出伤口的出现与临床体征（一般状况、大小、可复性、形态和皮肤颜色）之间的关联。对一群患有脐部突出的丹麦传统猪（n = 255）进行跟踪，从检测到脐部突出开始，直至猪自然死亡、安乐死或屠宰。每月对猪进行一次临床检查，当患有脐部突出的猪自然死亡、被安乐死或屠宰时，记录死亡原因和日期。使用Cox比例风险模型评估临床表现对总体生存的影响。总共有57%的猪在屠宰前自然死亡或被安乐死。自然死亡或安乐死的中位年龄为85天。脐部突出在不同年龄被检测到，一半的猪（52%）在分娩区被检测到。未发现预定屠宰前死亡与检测时间之间存在显著关联。发现三种不同的临床表现对直至屠宰的总体生存具有预后价值，即脐部突出的皮肤颜色、猪的一般状况和脐部突出的大小。脐部突出的大小和皮肤颜色之间存在相互作用。脐部突出伤口是导致安乐死的最常见并发症（37%）。与状况良好的猪相比，状况一般较差的猪脐部突出出现伤口的几率更高（OR，5.4；95%置信区间2.5 - 11.3），与脐部突出较小的猪相比，脐部突出较大的猪出现伤口的几率更高（OR，4.8；95%置信区间3.0 - 7.5）。识别患有脐部突出的猪的预后临床体征有助于评估和决策患有脐部突出的猪的未来前景。
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