A review on mechanistic aspects of individual versus combined uses of enzymes as clean label-friendly dough conditioners in breads.

Numerous dough improvers are used alone or in combination to enhance the quality of baked goods such as breads. While modern consumers demand consistent quality, the expectations for ingredients have changed over the past few years, and reformulations have taken place to provide "clean label" options. However, the effects and mechanisms of blended dough conditioners suitable for such baked products have not been systematically summarized. In this review, dough and bread properties as affected by different improver combinations are examined, with a focus on additive or synergistic interactions between enzymes or between enzymes and ascorbic acid. The combination of enzymes that hydrolyze starch and cell wall polysaccharides has been shown to reduce textural hardness in fresh and stored bakes goods such as breads. Enzymes that hydrolyze arabinoxylans, the main nonstarch polysaccharide in wheat, have synergistic effects with enzymes that result in cross-linking of wheat flour biopolymers. In some studies, the effects of bread improvers varied for wheat flours of different strength. Overall, bread products in which wheat is used in whole grain form or in a blend with other flours especially benefit from multiple improvers that target different flour constituents in doughs.