Santos Sara, do Céu Salvador Maria
Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal).
Span J Psychol. 2021 Apr 23;24:e29. doi: 10.1017/SJP.2021.27.
Institutionalization is a current problem, related to several indicators of psychological maladjustment. In the same way, there are several studies that point to the role of shame and self-criticism in the development of psychopathology. Therefore, our study explored, in institutionalized adolescents, whether early memories of warmth and safeness (EMWS) were associated to depression through external shame and self-criticism. The sample included 171 institutionalized adolescents (60.2% girls; Mage = 15.56; SD = 1.49). Depression, EMWS, external shame and self-criticism were assessed. The EMWS didn't show a direct effect on depression, exerting its effect indirectly through external shame and self-criticism. The relationship between EMWS and self-criticism was fully mediated by external shame, and the relationship between external shame and depression was fully mediated by self-criticism. In conclusion, the way the individual sees and relates to the self seems to impact on psychological adjustment and in the development of psychopathology. The fact that external shame and self-criticism fully mediated the relationship between EMWS and depression emphasizes the relevance of preventive and therapeutic approaches that aim to promote a healthier way of relating to the self.
机构收容是一个当前存在的问题，与心理失调的若干指标相关。同样，有多项研究指出羞耻感和自我批评在精神病理学发展中的作用。因此，我们的研究探讨了在机构收容的青少年中，温暖与安全感的早期记忆（EMWS）是否通过外部羞耻感和自我批评与抑郁相关。样本包括171名机构收容的青少年（60.2%为女孩；平均年龄 = 15.56；标准差 = 1.49）。对抑郁、EMWS、外部羞耻感和自我批评进行了评估。EMWS对抑郁没有直接影响，而是通过外部羞耻感和自我批评间接发挥作用。EMWS与自我批评之间的关系完全由外部羞耻感介导，外部羞耻感与抑郁之间的关系完全由自我批评介导。总之，个体看待自我以及与自我的关系的方式似乎会影响心理调适和精神病理学的发展。外部羞耻感和自我批评完全介导了EMWS与抑郁之间的关系，这一事实强调了旨在促进更健康的自我关系方式的预防和治疗方法的相关性。
