Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Control Release. 2021 Jun 10;334:127-137. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.016. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Kidney-targeted nanoparticles have become of recent interest due to their potential to deliver drugs directly to diseased tissue, decrease off-target adverse effects, and increase overall tolerability to patients with chronic kidney disease that require lifelong drug exposure. Given the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles can drastically affect their ability to extravasate past cellular and biological barriers and access the kidneys, we surveyed the literature from the past decade and analyzed how nanoparticle size, charge, shape, and material density affects passage and interaction with the kidneys. Specifically, we found that nanoparticle size impacted the mechanism of nanoparticle entry into the kidneys such as glomerular filtration or tubular secretion. In addition, we found charge, aspect ratio, and material density influences nanoparticle renal retention and provide insights for designing nanoparticles for passive kidney targeting. Finally, we conclude by highlighting active targeting strategies that bolster kidney retention and discuss the clinical status of nanomedicine for kidney diseases.
由于靶向肾脏的纳米粒子有可能将药物直接递送到病变组织，减少非靶向不良反应，并提高对需要终身药物暴露的慢性肾脏病患者的整体耐受性，因此最近人们对其产生了兴趣。鉴于纳米粒子的物理化学性质会极大地影响它们穿过细胞和生物屏障并进入肾脏的能力，我们调查了过去十年的文献，并分析了纳米粒子的大小、电荷、形状和材料密度如何影响其与肾脏的相互作用。具体而言，我们发现纳米粒子的大小会影响纳米粒子进入肾脏的机制，如肾小球滤过或管状分泌。此外，我们还发现电荷、纵横比和材料密度会影响纳米粒子在肾脏中的保留，为设计用于被动靶向肾脏的纳米粒子提供了思路。最后，我们通过强调增强肾脏保留的主动靶向策略来总结，并讨论了纳米医学在肾脏疾病中的临床现状。
