Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
World Neurosurg. 2021 Jul;151:39-43. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.04.043. Epub 2021 Apr 21.
Nearly 250 years ago, Antonio Scarpa became a professor of anatomy and surgery only 2 years after he graduated from the University of Padua. The young lecturer soon became one of the most renowned anatomists in Italy and a director of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Pavia. He worked in the fields of general surgery and ophthalmology. Several anatomic structures have been named after him, mainly Scarpa fascia and Scarpa triangle. His interest in neuroanatomy was ardent, despite being occasionally neglected. Scarpa's contributions to the fields of neurosciences have been significant. He was the first to describe the round window and the secondary tympanic membrane, and he eventually focused on the auditory and olfactory organs. Notably, the vestibular ganglion is now known as Scarpa ganglion. Scarpa's magnum opus was the book Tabulae Neurologicae, in which he described the path of several cranial nerves including the vagus nerve and innervation of the heart. Since his death in 1832, Scarpa's head has been preserved at the University History Museum of the University of Pavia. In this historical vignette, we aim to describe Antonio Scarpa's troubled life and brilliant career, focusing on his core contributions to neuroanatomy, neurosurgery, and otoneurosurgery.
近 250 年前，安东尼奥·斯卡帕（Antonio Scarpa）大学毕业后仅 2 年就成为了帕多瓦大学的解剖学和外科学教授。这位年轻的讲师很快成为意大利最著名的解剖学家之一，并担任帕维亚大学医学院院长。他在普通外科和眼科领域工作。有几个解剖结构以他的名字命名，主要是斯卡帕筋膜和斯卡帕三角。尽管他偶尔会忽视神经解剖学，但他对神经解剖学的兴趣非常强烈。斯卡帕对神经科学领域的贡献非常重要。他是第一个描述圆窗和第二鼓膜的人，后来他专注于听觉和嗅觉器官。值得注意的是，前庭神经节现在被称为斯卡帕神经节。斯卡帕的代表作是《神经学图谱》一书，他在书中描述了包括迷走神经在内的几条颅神经的路径以及心脏的神经支配。自 1832 年去世以来，斯卡帕的头颅一直保存在帕维亚大学历史博物馆。在这个历史小插曲中，我们旨在描述安东尼奥·斯卡帕（Antonio Scarpa）坎坷的一生和辉煌的职业生涯，重点介绍他对神经解剖学、神经外科和耳神经外科学的核心贡献。
