Hossler F E, West R F
Department of Anatomy, Quillen-Dishner College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614.
Am J Anat. 1988 Apr;181(4):425-32. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001810411.
The anatomy and morphometry of venous values associated with the vasculature of the head of the duckling were studied using vascular corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy. All valves encountered were bicuspid, and casts typically exhibited slight expansions at valve sinuses and deep slits at the sites of valve leaflets. The locations, numbers, and orientations of endothelial nuclei on all surfaces of the valves were clearly revealed by imprints in the casting resin. Endothelial cell densities were significantly higher on the surfaces of valve leaflets (about 10 cells/1,000 micron2) than on other venous surfaces (about 7 cells/1,000 micron2). Endothelial nuclei on the medial surface of the valve leaflet were oriented parallel to the long axis of the vessel, whereas those on the lateral surface were oriented perpendicular to that axis. The close proximities of valves in some vessels and the presence of anomalies such as the sharing of leaflets by adjacent valves were readily demonstrated with the corrosion-casting techniques. These methods provide a useful means for studying the fine, three-dimensional details of venous valve anatomy.
利用血管铸型和扫描电子显微镜对与雏鸭头部血管系统相关的静脉瓣的解剖结构和形态测量进行了研究。所有观察到的瓣膜均为双尖瓣，铸型通常在瓣膜窦处呈现轻微扩张，在瓣膜小叶部位呈现深裂隙。瓣膜所有表面内皮细胞核的位置、数量和方向通过铸型树脂中的印记清晰显示。瓣膜小叶表面的内皮细胞密度（约10个细胞/1000平方微米）显著高于其他静脉表面（约7个细胞/1000平方微米）。瓣膜小叶内侧表面的内皮细胞核与血管长轴平行，而外侧表面的内皮细胞核与该轴垂直。通过腐蚀铸型技术很容易证明一些血管中瓣膜的紧密相邻以及诸如相邻瓣膜共用小叶等异常情况的存在。这些方法为研究静脉瓣解剖结构的精细三维细节提供了有用的手段。
