Enhanced performance of sulfamethoxazole degradation using Achromobacter sp. JL9 with in-situ generated biogenic manganese oxides.

Little information is known about the relationships of in-situ generated BioMnOx and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. In this study, a novel efficient bioremediation technology was presented for simultaneous remove the nitrogen-N, SMX, and Mn(II) from water. Mn(II) can be completely oxidized with a oxidized rate of 0.071 mg/(L·h), the SMX and nitrogen-N removal ratios were 97.43% and 85.61%, respectively. The Ratkowsky kinetic models were established for described the SMX degradation influence by temperature. Furthermore, the microbial degradation, Mn(III) trapping, and intermediates identified experiments were used to explore the mechanisms of SMX and nitrogen-N removal. These results indicated that microbial activity play a decisive role in SMX and nitrogen-N removal, and the catalytic character of sediment could enhanced the SMX degradation. Furthermore, proposed the possible SMX degradation pathway based on the intermediates and microbial metabolism theory, the environmental toxicity of SMX and each intermediates were calculated via ECOSAR program.