School of Sport, Health and Outdoor Education, Trinity Saint David, University of Wales, UK.
School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, UK.
Exp Gerontol. 2021 Jul 15;150:111373. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111373. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
Long-term implications of acutely increased cardiorespiratory fitness following short-term exercise interventions in older adults are unknown. In this study, we examined peak oxygen uptake (VO) after 4-years of 'free-living' after a high intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention. Seventeen lifelong exercisers (LEX) and 17 previously sedentary (SED) males (55-74 years of age in 2012) were tested four years (phase D) after our previous experiment which included 6-weeks of aerobic moderate intensity exercise (phase B), followed by 6-weeks of HIIT (phase C). At all stages, a standard incremental exercise protocol on a cycle ergometer was completed to determine VO. SED (P = 1.000, Cohen's d = 0.01) and LEX (P = 1.000, Cohen's d = 0.11) VO at phase D was not different from phase A (enrolment). SED experienced a large decrease in VO from phase C to phase D (32 ± 6 ml·kg·min to 27 ± 6 ml·kg·min [P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.81]). LEX experienced a small decrease in VO from phase C to phase D (42 ± 7 ml·kg·min to 39 ± 9 ml·kg·min [P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.46]). At phase D, LEX had greater VO than SED (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.73). The proportion of subjects who reported discontinuing training, maintaining moderate training, and maintaining HIIT differed between groups (P = 0.023), with LEX self-reporting more HIIT, and SED self-reporting more discontinuation from exercise. Those who continued exercising experienced a reduction in VO over the four years from 39 ± 7 ml·kg·min to 36 ± 9 ml·kg·min (N = 25, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.37), and those who discontinued exercising also experienced a reduction in VO from 30 ± 7 ml·kg·min to 25 ± 9 ml·kg·min (N = 9, P = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.62). Four years after completing a brief period of aerobic exercise and HIIT, older males demonstrated a preservation of VO, irrespective of training status (LEX or SED). However, LEX exhibited greater VO than SED after 4-years of unsupervised 'free-living'. Notably, participants who discontinued exercising experienced a greater reduction in VO. These data suggest that a 6 weeks of supervised HIIT can facilitate the long term.
长期的影响，急性增加心肺适能后短期运动干预在老年人中是未知的。在这项研究中，我们检查了峰值摄氧量（VO）后 4 年的“自由生活”高强度间歇训练（HIIT）的干预。17 名终身锻炼者（LEX）和 17 名以前久坐不动的（SED）男性（2012 年年龄在 55-74 岁）在我们之前的实验 6 周后进行了 4 年的测试（阶段 D），包括 6 周的有氧运动中等强度运动（阶段 B），随后是 6 周的 HIIT（阶段 C）。在所有阶段，都在自行车测力计上完成了标准的递增运动方案，以确定 VO。SED（P=1.000，Cohen's d=0.01）和 LEX（P=1.000，Cohen's d=0.11）在 D 阶段的 VO 与 A 阶段（登记）没有差异。SED 从 C 阶段到 D 阶段的 VO 大幅下降（32±6ml·kg·min 到 27±6ml·kg·min[P<0.001，Cohen's d=0.81]）。LEX 从 C 阶段到 D 阶段的 VO 略有下降（42±7ml·kg·min 到 39±9ml·kg·min[P<0.001，Cohen's d=0.46]）。在 D 阶段，LEX 的 VO 大于 SED（P<0.001，Cohen's d=1.73）。报告停止训练、保持中等训练和保持 HIIT 的受试者比例在组间不同（P=0.023），LEX 自我报告的 HIIT 更多，SED 自我报告的运动更多。那些继续锻炼的人在四年内 VO 从 39±7ml·kg·min 下降到 36±9ml·kg·min（N=25，P<0.001，Cohen's d=0.37），而那些停止锻炼的人 VO 也从 30±7ml·kg·min 下降到 25±9ml·kg·min（N=9，P=0.003，Cohen's d=0.62）。在完成一段短暂的有氧和 HIIT 运动后 4 年，老年人的 VO 保持不变，无论训练状态（LEX 或 SED）如何。然而，LEX 在 4 年后的无监督“自由生活”中表现出更大的 VO。值得注意的是，停止锻炼的参与者 VO 下降幅度更大。这些数据表明，6 周的监督 HIIT 可以促进长期的。
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