Universitat de Lleida, Avinguda de l'estudi general, nº 4, 25001, Lleida, Spain.
Universitat de Lleida, Avinguda de l'estudi general, nº 4, 25001, Lleida, Spain.
J Adolesc. 2021 Jun;89:84-94. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.04.002. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
Time attitudes refer to the way individuals feel about their past, present, and future and have been associated with adolescent-specific developmental, social, and emotional changes. The dual-factor model of mental health proposes that optimal functioning entails high levels of emotional, social, and psychological well-being, as well as low levels of psychopathology. Since previous research has suggested that time attitudes can assist in understanding the development of adolescents, the primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between time attitudes and mental health according to the dual-factor model.
A total of 317 Spanish high school students aged between 14 and 16 years (45.1% females) participated in the study. Time attitudes were assessed with the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitudes Scale, and profiles were identified through person-centered analysis. Data were also gathered on well-being and psychological distress measures, which were analyzed as distal outcomes.
Four time attitude profiles were identified - negatives, positives, past negatives, and present/future negatives. Adolescents belonging to the positive profile reported higher scores on well-being and lower scores on psychological distress. The psychological well-being and depression constructs had higher (positive and negative, respectively) scores across all profiles. These results suggested an association between time attitude profiles and mental health according to the dual-factor model.
We suggest that positive psychology interventions may nudge adolescents towards a more positive appraisal of the past, present, and future and promote their mental health and positive development. Further practical implications are discussed.
时间态度是指个体对过去、现在和未来的感受方式，与青少年特有的发展、社会和情感变化有关。心理健康的双重因素模型提出，最佳功能需要高水平的情感、社会和心理幸福感，以及低水平的精神病理学。由于先前的研究表明，时间态度可以帮助理解青少年的发展，本研究的主要目的是根据双重因素模型研究时间态度与心理健康之间的关系。
共有 317 名年龄在 14 至 16 岁之间的西班牙高中生（45.1%为女性）参与了研究。时间态度使用青少年和成人时间清单-时间态度量表进行评估，并通过以人为中心的分析确定了个人的时间态度类型。还收集了关于幸福感和心理困扰的测量数据，作为远程结果进行了分析。
确定了四种时间态度类型 - 消极型、积极型、过去消极型和现在/未来消极型。属于积极型的青少年在幸福感方面的得分较高，在心理困扰方面的得分较低。心理幸福感和抑郁两个结构在所有类型中都有较高的得分（分别为积极和消极）。这些结果表明，根据双重因素模型，时间态度类型与心理健康之间存在关联。
我们建议积极心理学干预可以促使青少年对过去、现在和未来有更积极的评价，促进他们的心理健康和积极发展。进一步讨论了实际意义。
