Gamil Amgad, Lalas Miriam Y, Capeding Maria Rosario Z, Ong-Lim Anna Lisa T, Bunyi Mary Ann C, Claveria Angelica M
Emerging Markets Medical and Scientific Affairs, Vaccines Asia, Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Building, 5th floor, DMC, P.O. Box 502749, Dubai, UAE.
Pfizer Inc, Makati City, Philippines.
Infect Dis Ther. 2021 Jun;10(2):699-718. doi: 10.1007/s40121-021-00434-6. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
This narrative review describes the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal diseases, nasopharyngeal carriage, and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, and vaccination coverage in children in the Philippines. Epidemiological data show that, despite the availability of the free-of-cost 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for infants as part of the National Immunization Program, the burden of pneumococcal disease in young children remains high in the Philippines. The significant variability in data reported between studies highlights an urgent need for active and comprehensive disease surveillance for more accurate estimates of pneumococcal disease in the country. Although data from 2001 to 2013 show high rates of pneumococcal carriage in children in the Philippines aged < 5 years, contemporary data are lacking, again emphasizing the need for active surveillance programs. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has resulted in substantial declines in disease caused by pneumococcal serotypes included in the vaccines, but the emergence of pneumococcal disease due to nonvaccine serotypes is an ongoing concern. Surveillance of actively circulating serotypes is critical to better understand vaccine coverage. Antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae remains a significant threat to public health worldwide; data regarding antibiotic resistance in young children in the Philippines are limited, but reports generally show low rates of antibiotic resistance in this group. National immunization rates have increased in recent years, yet many individuals are still unprotected from pneumococcal disease. Overall, there is a critical need for contemporary and accurate disease surveillance in the Philippines. Such data would provide better estimates of pneumococcal disease incidence, serotype distribution, and antibiotic resistance to better inform vaccination strategies and to ensure that children in the Philippines are best protected against pneumococcal disease.
本叙述性综述描述了菲律宾侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的流行病学、肺炎链球菌血清型的鼻咽部携带情况、抗生素耐药性以及儿童疫苗接种覆盖率。流行病学数据显示，尽管作为国家免疫规划的一部分，菲律宾为婴儿免费提供了13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗，但幼儿肺炎球菌疾病负担仍然很高。不同研究报告的数据存在显著差异，这凸显了迫切需要开展积极全面的疾病监测，以便更准确地估计该国肺炎球菌疾病情况。尽管2001年至2013年的数据显示，菲律宾5岁以下儿童肺炎球菌携带率很高，但缺乏当代数据，这再次强调了开展积极监测项目的必要性。肺炎球菌结合疫苗的引入已导致疫苗中所含肺炎球菌血清型引起的疾病大幅下降，但非疫苗血清型导致的肺炎球菌疾病的出现仍是一个持续存在的问题。监测活跃流行的血清型对于更好地了解疫苗接种覆盖率至关重要。肺炎链球菌的抗菌耐药性仍然是全球公共卫生的重大威胁；菲律宾幼儿抗生素耐药性的数据有限，但报告总体显示该群体抗生素耐药率较低。近年来国家免疫接种率有所提高，但仍有许多人未得到肺炎球菌疾病的保护。总体而言，菲律宾迫切需要当代准确的疾病监测。此类数据将能更好地估计肺炎球菌疾病发病率、血清型分布和抗生素耐药性，从而为疫苗接种策略提供更充分的信息，并确保菲律宾儿童得到最佳的肺炎球菌疾病防护。
