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儿童对父母犯罪者的执行功能与心理调适评估:伤害的流行病学与量化分析

Evaluation of the Executive Functioning and Psychological Adjustment of Child-to-Parent Offenders: Epidemiology and Quantification of Harm.

作者信息

Fandiño Ricardo, Basanta Juan, Sanmarco Jéssica, Arce Ramón, Fariña Francisca

机构信息

Departamento Análisis e Intervención Psicosocioeducativa (AIPSE), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.

Psicología Organizacional, Jurídica Forense y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 9;12:616855. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616855. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

With the aim of ascertaining if child-to-parent offenders have impairments in the executive functions and psychological maladjustment, and to quantify the potential harm and epidemiology, a field study was designed. As for this, 76 juvenile offenders sentenced for child-to-parent violence were assessed in executive functions (Stroop tasks) and psychological adjustment (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent, MMPI-A). The results showed valid responses for 75 juveniles and that data were not generally biased in line with defensiveness or malingering (differential diagnosis in justice juvenile evaluations). In psychological adjustment, the results revealed a significantly higher maladjustment among offenders on all the basic clinical scales with 23% more symptoms of hysteria than the normative population, 37% more of depressive symptoms, 44% more of hypochondriac symptoms, 68% more of psychopathic deviation symptoms, 46% more of paranoid symptoms, 26% more of psychasthenic symptoms, 24% more symptoms of schizophrenia, 17% more symptoms of hypomania, and 13% more symptoms of social introversion. Epidemiologically, the prevalence rates of clinical deterioration were significantly greater than expected (0.05 in normative sample) in hypochondria (28.0%), depression (29.3%), hysteria (29.3%), psychopathic deviation (60%), paranoia (30.7%), psychasthenia (22.7%), and schizophrenia (25.3%). As for the cognitive functions, the offenders exhibited impairments estimated at 62.0% in word reading, 47.9% in color naming, 45.8% in color-word, and 11.9% in interference and a significantly higher prevalence of caseness than expected in word reading (65%), color naming (71%), and color-word (70.2%). The implications of the results for intervention are discussed.

摘要

为了确定子女对父母施暴的青少年罪犯是否存在执行功能障碍和心理失调,并量化潜在危害和流行病学特征,设计了一项实地研究。为此,对76名因子女对父母暴力行为而被判刑的青少年罪犯进行了执行功能(斯特鲁普任务)和心理调适(明尼苏达多相人格调查表-青少年版,MMPI-A)评估。结果显示75名青少年的回答有效,且数据总体上不存在符合防御性或诈病倾向的偏差(司法青少年评估中的鉴别诊断)。在心理调适方面,结果显示,在所有基本临床量表上,罪犯的失调情况显著更严重,癔症症状比正常人群多23%,抑郁症状多37%,疑病症症状多44%,精神病态偏差症状多68%,偏执症状多46%,神经衰弱症状多26%,精神分裂症症状多24%,轻躁狂症状多17%,社会内向症状多13%。从流行病学角度看,疑病症(28.0%)、抑郁症(29.3%)、癔症(29.3%)、精神病态偏差(60%)、偏执狂(30.7%)、神经衰弱(22.7%)和精神分裂症(25.3%)的临床恶化患病率显著高于预期(正常样本中为0.05)。在认知功能方面,罪犯在单词阅读方面的损伤估计为62.0%,颜色命名方面为47.9%,颜色-单词方面为45.8%,干扰方面为11.9%,且单词阅读(65%)、颜色命名(71%)和颜色-单词(70.2%)的病例患病率显著高于预期。文中讨论了研究结果对干预措施的启示。

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