Soldan Samantha S, Lieberman Paul M
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
Drug Discov Today Dis Models. 2020 Fall;32(Pt A):35-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2020.01.001. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that contributes to the etiology of diverse human cancers and auto-immune diseases. EBV establishes a relatively benign, long-term latent infection in over 90 percent of the adult population. Yet, it also increases risk for certain cancers and auto-immune disorders depending on complex viral, host, and environmental factors that are only partly understood. EBV latent infection is found predominantly in memory B-cells, but the natural infection cycle and pathological aberrations enable EBV to infect numerous other cell types, including oral, nasopharyngeal, and gastric epithelia, B-, T-, and NK-lymphoid cells, myocytes, adipocytes, astrocytes, and neurons. EBV infected cells, free virus, and gene products can also be found in the CNS. In addition to the direct effects of EBV on infected cells and tissue, the effect of chronic EBV infection on the immune system is also thought to contribute to pathogenesis, especially auto-immune disease. Here, we review properties of EBV infection that may shed light on its potential pathogenic role in neurological disorders.
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是一种普遍存在的人类疱疹病毒，它与多种人类癌症和自身免疫性疾病的病因有关。EBV在超过90%的成年人群中建立相对良性的长期潜伏感染。然而，根据仅部分被理解的复杂病毒、宿主和环境因素，它也会增加某些癌症和自身免疫性疾病的风险。EBV潜伏感染主要存在于记忆B细胞中，但自然感染周期和病理异常使EBV能够感染许多其他细胞类型，包括口腔、鼻咽和胃上皮细胞、B、T和NK淋巴细胞、心肌细胞、脂肪细胞、星形胶质细胞和神经元。在中枢神经系统中也能发现EBV感染的细胞、游离病毒和基因产物。除了EBV对感染细胞和组织的直接影响外，慢性EBV感染对免疫系统的影响也被认为与发病机制有关，尤其是自身免疫性疾病。在这里，我们综述了EBV感染的特性，这些特性可能有助于揭示其在神经系统疾病中的潜在致病作用。
