Fang Yan-Jie, Zhang Xu-Cheng, Yu Xian-Feng, Hou Hui-Zhi, Wang Wang, Ma Yi-Fan, Zhang Guo-Ping, Lei Kang-Ning, Yin Jia-de
Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Apr;32(4):1327-1336. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.028.
Both reasonable soil tillage and fertilization management play critical roles in improving the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of forage maize in the semi-arid area of Loess Plateau. A field experiment was conducted at Dingxi experimental station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences between 2017 and 2019. We explored the effects of tillage method and fertilization type on yields and WUE of forage maize, as well as the economic benefits. There were four treatments in the experiment, including traditional rotary tillage + organic-inorganic fertilization (TOF), deep rotary tillage + organic-inorganic fertilization (DOF), and vertical rotary subsoiling + organic-inorganic fertilization (VROF), and the traditional rotary tillage + inorganic fertilization as the control (TF). Our results showed that, compared with DOF, TOF, TF, and VROF all decreased soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer at flowering stage, ranging from 16.9 mm to 79.9 mm, but they all increased soil water consumption by 9.7-22.4 mm during vegetative growing stages, 11.0-19.8 mm during reproductive stage in the dry years. Due to significant improvement in water absorption, VROF increased dry matter weight at maturity by 3.9%-13.4% compared to other treatments. Similarly, plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, 100-grain weight, and double ear rate under VROF were significantly increased, while bald head length was decreased significantly, when compared with other treatments. As a result, over the three experimental seasons, VROF increased the grain and biological yield by 4.3%-51.5% and 4.3%-25.7% compared to other treatments, respectively. Accordingly, WUE calculated by grain and biomass yields were increased by 2.7%-36.9% and 3.6%-13.5% under VROF, compared to other treatments. VROF increased the unit gross total output value and the net income by 5.1%-32.9% and 6.9%-80.5% respectively, compared to other treatments. These results demonstrated that VROF is a drought-resistant and yield-increasing farming technology for sustainable forage maize production in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China.
合理的土壤耕作和施肥管理对于提高黄土高原半干旱地区饲用玉米的产量和水分利用效率（WUE）都起着关键作用。2017年至2019年期间，在甘肃省农业科学院定西试验站进行了田间试验。我们探究了耕作方式和施肥类型对饲用玉米产量、水分利用效率以及经济效益的影响。试验设有四个处理，包括传统旋耕+有机无机肥（TOF）、深旋耕+有机无机肥（DOF）、垂直旋耕深松+有机无机肥（VROF），以及以传统旋耕+无机肥作为对照（TF）。我们的结果表明，与DOF相比，TOF、TF和VROF在开花期均降低了0-300厘米土层的土壤贮水量，降幅在16.9毫米至79.9毫米之间，但它们在营养生长阶段均增加了土壤水分消耗量9.7-22.4毫米，在干旱年份的生殖阶段增加了11.0-19.8毫米。由于水分吸收显著改善，与其他处理相比，VROF使成熟期干物质重量增加了3.9%-13.4%。同样，与其他处理相比，VROF处理下的株高、穗长、穗粒数、百粒重和双穗率均显著增加，而秃尖长度显著降低。结果，在三个试验季节中，与其他处理相比，VROF的籽粒产量和生物产量分别提高了4.3%-51.5%和4.3%-25.7%。相应地，与其他处理相比，VROF处理下基于籽粒产量和生物量产量计算的水分利用效率分别提高了2.7%-36.9%和3.6%-13.5%。与其他处理相比，VROF的单位总产值和纯收入分别提高了5.1%-32.9%和6.9%-80.5%。这些结果表明，VROF是中国西北黄土高原半干旱地区饲用玉米可持续生产的一种抗旱增产农艺技术。
