Crapanzano Andrea, Carpiniello Bernardo, Pinna Federica
San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sezione di Psichiatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari.
Riv Psichiatr. 2021 Jan-Feb;56(2):120-128. doi: 10.1708/3594.35771.
In recent years, the transgender community has received an unprecedented amount of attention from both the media and the scientific community. The increase in referrals to clinics specializing in therapies aimed at affirming transgender people's identity, the spread of these clinics around the world, the increased awareness by transgender people of the different therapeutic options and procedures available, the depathologization by the psychiatric world of this gender identity and the greater presence of transgender people in the media are just some factors that have contributed to an increased awareness of this complex reality. In this article, after providing a definition of some key concepts for understanding the complexity of the transgender world, the authors will describe the debate that exists in the scientific community and in the transgender world itself regarding the controversial diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Several possible transition paths that arise from this debate and consequent alignment with the different and contradictory conclusions that followed will be presented. In particular, a possible transition path will be presented based on the medical-psychiatric model closely related to the diagnosis of gender dysphoria (Italian model) and a model that is developing in some parts of the United States based on informed consent and the non-need for diagnosis of gender dysphoria in order to access the transition path.
近年来，跨性别群体受到了媒体和科学界前所未有的关注。转介至专门从事旨在确认跨性别者身份的治疗的诊所数量增加、此类诊所在全球范围内的传播、跨性别者对可用的不同治疗选择和程序的认识提高、精神病学界对这种性别认同的去病理化以及跨性别者在媒体上的更多露面，这些只是促使人们对这一复杂现实的认识有所提高的部分因素。在本文中，在对理解跨性别世界的复杂性的一些关键概念进行定义之后，作者将描述科学界和跨性别群体自身中存在的关于性别焦虑症这一有争议诊断的辩论。将呈现这场辩论引发的几种可能的过渡路径，以及随之而来与不同且相互矛盾的结论的一致性。特别是，将呈现一条基于与性别焦虑症诊断密切相关的医学 - 精神病学模型（意大利模型）的可能过渡路径，以及美国某些地区正在发展的一种基于知情同意且无需性别焦虑症诊断即可进入过渡路径的模型。
