Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany.
Technical University Dresden, International Institute (IHI) Zittau, Chair of Biodiversity of Higher Plants, Zittau, Germany.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2021 Sep;23(5):749-759. doi: 10.1111/plb.13275. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
Population genetic and ecological data may help to control invasive plants, which are considered a major threat to natural habitats. In contrast to expected bottleneck events, genetic diversity of such invasive populations may be high due to extensive propagule pressure or admixture. The ecological impact of invasive species has been broadly evaluated in the field; however, long-term studies on the fate of invasive plants are scarce. We analysed genetic diversity and structure in invasive Spiraea tomentosa populations in eastern Germany and western Poland using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism. Potential hybridization between co-occurring diploid Sp. tomentosa and tetraploid Sp. douglasii was investigated using Flow Cytometry. The genetic analyses were complemented by data from a 13-year vegetation study in an area invaded by these Spiraea species. We found no evidence for hybridization between Spiraea species. In populations of Sp. tomentosa both genetic diversity (He = 0.26) and genetic structure (ΦPT = 0.27) were high and comparable to other outcrossing woody plants. Low levels of clonality, presence of seedlings and new patches in sites that had been colonized over the last 13 years imply that populations spread via sexual reproduction. In all habitat types, native species diversity declined following Sp. tomentosa invasion. However, detailed aerial mapping of a forest reserve with ongoing succession revealed that Spiraea spp. populations have declined over a 10-year period. Despite its potential for dispersal and negative effects on native plant communities, invasive Spiraea populations may be controlled by increasing canopy cover in forest habitats.
种群遗传和生态数据可能有助于控制入侵植物，这些植物被认为是自然栖息地的主要威胁。与预期的瓶颈事件相反，由于广泛的繁殖体压力或杂交，这些入侵种群的遗传多样性可能很高。入侵物种的生态影响已经在野外得到了广泛的评估；然而，关于入侵植物命运的长期研究却很少。我们使用扩增片段长度多态性分析了德国东部和波兰西部入侵的绣线菊种群的遗传多样性和结构。使用流式细胞术研究了同时存在的二倍体绣线菊和四倍体绣线菊 douglasii 之间潜在的杂交情况。遗传分析补充了这些绣线菊物种入侵地区进行了 13 年的植被研究数据。我们没有发现绣线菊种间杂交的证据。在绣线菊种群中，遗传多样性（He=0.26）和遗传结构（ΦPT=0.27）都很高，与其他异交木本植物相当。低水平的克隆性、幼苗的存在以及在过去 13 年中被殖民的地点的新斑块表明，种群通过有性繁殖传播。在所有生境类型中，随着绣线菊的入侵，本地物种多样性下降。然而，对正在进行演替的森林保护区的详细空中测绘显示，10 年来绣线菊种群数量有所下降。尽管绣线菊具有扩散潜力，并对本地植物群落产生负面影响，但通过增加森林生境的冠层覆盖，可以控制入侵的绣线菊种群。
