Horner K C, Cazals Y
INSERM Unité 229, Université Bordeaux II, Hôpital Pellegrin, France.
Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1988;245(2):103-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00481445.
The study of human temporal bones has identified endolymphatic hydrops as a common feature of several diseases. In particular it is systematically found in those bones removed from patients with premortem Menière's disease. Menière's disease is known to induce sensorineural pathology with recruitment, which changes with the evolution of the hearing loss, and is suspected to induce a cochlear conductive loss by a possible increase in static pressure of endolymph. Amplitude/intensity functions of sensorineural responses can reflect recruitment and/or conduction loss. Experimentally induced hydrops in animals provokes cochlear physiological alterations, some of which closely resemble certain features of Menière's disease. In the present study using a guinea-pig animal model, we have examined amplitude/intensity functions at the round window for cochlear microphonics (RWCM), summating potentials (RWSP) and action potentials (CAP) at different stages of hearing loss in experimentally induced hydrops. During the period of fluctuating thresholds there was reduction of maximal RWCM amplitude, no change in RWSP and recruitment on the CAP. At a later stage when the audiogram was flat and fluctuations were no longer seen, RWCM remained unchanged. At this time RWSP could show recruitment while CAP amplitudes at all intensities were reduced, indicating either a cochlear conductive loss and/or a general depression of neural activity.
对人类颞骨的研究已确定内淋巴积水是多种疾病的常见特征。特别是在对生前患有梅尼埃病的患者切除的颞骨中经常发现这种情况。已知梅尼埃病会引发具有重振现象的感音神经性病变，这种病变会随着听力损失的发展而变化，并且怀疑是由于内淋巴静压可能升高而导致耳蜗传导性损失。感音神经反应的振幅/强度函数可以反映重振和/或传导损失。实验诱导动物产生积水会引发耳蜗生理改变，其中一些与梅尼埃病的某些特征非常相似。在本研究中，我们使用豚鼠动物模型，在实验诱导积水导致听力损失的不同阶段，检测了圆窗处耳蜗微音电位（RWCM）、总和电位（RWSP）和动作电位（CAP）的振幅/强度函数。在阈值波动期间，RWCM的最大振幅降低，RWSP无变化，而CAP出现重振。在后期，当听力图呈平坦状且不再有波动时，RWCM保持不变。此时，RWSP可能出现重振，而所有强度下的CAP振幅均降低，这表明存在耳蜗传导性损失和/或神经活动普遍受到抑制。
