Debre Berhan Town Health Office, North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Public Health Department, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 26;16(4):e0250719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250719. eCollection 2021.
Neural tube defects affect the brain and the spinal cord of the developing embryo. The defects occur due to incomplete or failure of closure of the neural tube. The condition eventually causes death and lifelong disability. Worldwide, more than 300,000 babies are born with neural tube defects each year. The highest burden is in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with neural tube defects among mothers who gave birth in North Shoa Zone Hospitals.
A hospital based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 243 (81 cases and 162 controls) study participants in North Shoa Zone Hospitals. The hospitals were selected using simple random sampling and all cases and randomly selected controls in the selected hospitals were included in the study. The data were collected by using pre-tested structured questionnaire.
Different factors were identified to have association with neural tube defect. Family annual cash income less than 24000ETB (AOR: 3.73, 95%CI: 1.35, 10.26), history of still birth (AOR: 3.63, 95%CI: 1.03, 12.2), history of abortion (AOR: 6.15, 95%CI: 2.63, 18.56), preconception tea use (AOR: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.15, 4.86) and pesticides/chemical exposure (AOR: 5.34, 95%CI: 1.77, 16.05) were positively associated factors. In contrast, preconception care (AOR: 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.39) and taking iron/folic acid/multivitamin during the current pregnancy (AOR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.33) showed a protective effect.
Family annual income less than 24000ETB, history of still birth, history of abortion, preconception tea uses and pesticides/chemical exposure were associated factors of neural tube defects. Preconception counseling and screening should be recommended for women who plan for pregnancy.
神经管缺陷影响胚胎发育中的大脑和脊髓。这些缺陷是由于神经管不完全或未能闭合引起的。这种情况最终会导致死亡和终身残疾。全世界每年有超过 30 万名婴儿患有神经管缺陷。负担最高的是低收入和中等收入国家。因此，本研究旨在确定在北绍阿地区医院分娩的母亲中与神经管缺陷相关的风险因素。
在北绍阿地区医院进行了一项基于医院的病例对照研究，共有 243 名（81 例病例和 162 名对照）研究参与者。医院采用简单随机抽样选择，所选医院的所有病例和随机选择的对照均纳入研究。数据通过使用预先测试的结构化问卷收集。
确定了不同的因素与神经管缺陷有关。家庭年收入低于 24000ETB（AOR：3.73，95%CI：1.35，10.26）、死胎史（AOR：3.63，95%CI：1.03，12.2）、流产史（AOR：6.15，95%CI：2.63，18.56）、孕前饮茶（AOR：2.36，95%CI：1.15，4.86）和农药/化学品暴露（AOR：5.34，95%CI：1.77，16.05）是正相关因素。相反，孕前保健（AOR：0.14，95%CI：0.05，0.39）和当前妊娠期间服用铁/叶酸/多种维生素（AOR：0.16，95%CI：0.07，0.33）显示出保护作用。
家庭年收入低于 24000ETB、死胎史、流产史、孕前饮茶和农药/化学品暴露是神经管缺陷的相关因素。应建议计划怀孕的妇女进行孕前咨询和筛查。
