Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; email:
Annu Rev Immunol. 2021 Apr 26;39:313-344. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-111748.
Tissue-resident macrophages are present in most tissues with developmental, self-renewal, or functional attributes that do not easily fit into a textbook picture of a plastic and multifunctional macrophage originating from hematopoietic stem cells; nor does it fit a pro- versus anti-inflammatory paradigm. This review presents and discusses current knowledge on the developmental biology of macrophages from an evolutionary perspective focused on the function of macrophages, which may aid in study of developmental, inflammatory, tumoral, and degenerative diseases. We also propose a framework to investigate the functions of macrophages in vivo and discuss how inherited germline and somatic mutations may contribute to the roles of macrophages in diseases.
组织驻留巨噬细胞存在于大多数组织中,具有发育、自我更新或功能特性,这些特性不易符合教科书中源自造血干细胞的具有可塑性和多功能的巨噬细胞的描述;也不符合促炎与抗炎的范例。本综述从进化的角度介绍和讨论了巨噬细胞的发育生物学的当前知识,重点关注巨噬细胞的功能,这可能有助于研究发育、炎症、肿瘤和退行性疾病。我们还提出了一个研究体内巨噬细胞功能的框架,并讨论了遗传种系和体细胞突变如何有助于巨噬细胞在疾病中的作用。