Smith Samantha L, Helton William S, Matthews Gerald, Funke Gregory J
3968 Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA.
3298 George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
Hum Factors. 2023 Mar;65(2):212-226. doi: 10.1177/00187208211011333. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
To explore vigilance task performance, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), workload, and stress in a within-subjects, two-session experiment.
Vigilance, or sustained attention, tasks are often characterized by a decline in operator performance and CBFV with time on task, and high workload and stress. Though performance is known to improve with practice, past research has not included measures of CBFV, stress, and workload in a within-subjects multi-session design, which may also provide insight into ongoing theoretical debate.
Participants performed a vigilance task on two separate occasions. Performance, CBFV, workload, and self-reported stress were measured.
Within each session, results were consistent with the vigilance profile found in prior research. Across sessions, performance improved but the time on task decrement remained. Mean CBFV and workload ratings did not differ between sessions, but participants reported significantly less distress, worry, and engagement after session two compared to one.
Though practice may not disrupt the standard vigilance profile, it may serve to improve overall performance and reduce stress. However, repeated exposure may have negative implications for engagement and mind-wandering.
It is important to better understand the relationship between experience, performance, physiological response, and self-reported stress and workload in vigilance because real-world environments often require operators to do the same task over many occasions. While performance improvement and reduced distress is an encouraging result, the decline in engagement requires further research. Results across sessions fail to provide support to the mind-wandering theory of vigilance.
在一项受试者内两阶段实验中探究警觉任务表现、脑血流速度（CBFV）、工作负荷和压力。
警觉任务，即持续注意力任务，其特点通常是随着任务时间的推移，操作员表现和CBFV下降，以及工作负荷和压力较大。虽然已知表现会随着练习而提高，但过去的研究并未在受试者内多阶段设计中纳入CBFV、压力和工作负荷的测量，而这种设计可能也能为正在进行的理论辩论提供见解。
参与者在两个不同场合执行警觉任务。测量表现、CBFV、工作负荷和自我报告的压力。
在每个阶段内，结果与先前研究中发现的警觉特征一致。在不同阶段之间，表现有所提高，但任务时间的减少仍然存在。各阶段之间的平均CBFV和工作负荷评分没有差异，但与第一阶段相比，参与者在第二阶段后报告的痛苦、担忧和参与度明显降低。
虽然练习可能不会扰乱标准的警觉特征，但它可能有助于提高整体表现并减轻压力。然而，反复接触可能对参与度和走神有负面影响。
更好地理解警觉中经验、表现、生理反应以及自我报告的压力和工作负荷之间的关系很重要，因为现实世界环境通常要求操作员在许多场合执行相同任务。虽然表现提高和痛苦减轻是一个令人鼓舞的结果，但参与度下降需要进一步研究。不同阶段的结果未能为警觉的走神理论提供支持。
