Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
U. S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, Michigan, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 27;16(4):e0247884. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247884. eCollection 2021.
Species-specific monitoring activities represent fundamental tools for natural resource management and conservation but require techniques that target species-specific traits or markers. Sea lamprey, a destructive invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and conservation target in North America and Europe, is among very few fishes that possess and use oral suction, yet suction has not been exploited for sea lamprey control or conservation. Knowledge of specific characteristics of sea lamprey suction (e.g., amplitude, duration, and pattern of suction events; hereafter 'suction dynamics') may be useful to develop devices that detect, record, and respond to the presence of sea lamprey at a given place and time. Previous observations were limited to adult sea lampreys in static water. In this study, pressure sensing panels were constructed and used to measure oral suction pressures and describe suction dynamics of juvenile and adult sea lampreys at multiple locations within the mouth and in static and flowing water. Suction dynamics were largely consistent with previous descriptions, but more variation was observed. For adult sea lampreys, suction pressures ranged from -0.6 kPa to -26 kPa with 20 s to 200 s between pumps at rest, and increased to -8 kPa to -70 kPa when lampreys were manually disengaged. An array of sensors indicated that suction pressure distribution was largely uniform across the mouths of both juvenile and adult lampreys; but some apparent variation was attributed to obstruction of sensing portal holes by teeth. Suction pressure did not differ between static and flowing water when water velocity was lower than 0.45 m/s. Such information may inform design of new systems to monitor behavior, distribution and abundance of lampreys.
物种特异性监测活动是自然资源管理和保护的基本工具，但需要针对物种特异性特征或标记的技术。海七鳃鳗是北美和欧洲大湖地区的一种破坏性入侵物种，也是少数几种具有并使用口腔吸吮的鱼类之一，但尚未利用吸吮来控制或保护海七鳃鳗。了解海七鳃鳗吸吮的特定特征（例如吸吮事件的幅度、持续时间和模式；以下简称“吸吮动力学”）可能有助于开发用于检测、记录和响应特定地点和时间的海七鳃鳗存在的设备。以前的观察仅限于静态水中的成年海七鳃鳗。在这项研究中，构建了压力感应板，并用于测量幼体和成年海七鳃鳗在口腔内多个位置以及静态和流动水中的口腔吸吮压力，并描述了吸吮动力学。吸吮动力学与以前的描述基本一致，但观察到更多的变化。对于成年海七鳃鳗，在休息时，抽吸压力范围为-0.6 kPa 至-26 kPa，两次抽吸之间的间隔为 20 秒至 200 秒，当海七鳃鳗手动脱离时，抽吸压力增加到-8 kPa 至-70 kPa。一组传感器表明，抽吸压力在幼体和成年七鳃鳗的口腔中基本均匀分布；但一些明显的变化归因于牙齿阻塞了感应端口孔。当水流速度低于 0.45 m/s 时，抽吸压力在静态和流动水中没有差异。这些信息可能为监测七鳃鳗行为、分布和丰度的新系统设计提供信息。
