Niagara SPCA, 700 East Main Street, Welland, L3B 2M6 Ontario, Canada.
Georgian Triangle Humane Society, 549 Tenth Line, Collingwood, L9Y 0W1 Ontario, Canada.
J Parasitol. 2021 Mar 1;107(2):358-363. doi: 10.1645/20-127.
The life cycle of Dioctophyma renale involves an intermediate host (oligochaete), a paratenic hosts (fish and frogs), and a definitive host (mustelids and canids). Dogs are at risk of infection with D. renale when they consume paratenic hosts infected with the larval form of D. renale. Water containing the oligochaete intermediate host cannot be disregarded as another source of infection. Infections occur mainly in the right kidney, but worms have also been found in the abdominal cavity as well as other organs. Most dogs appear asymptomatic and infections are usually noted as incidental findings on necropsy. Recently, the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) and Humane Society conducted transports of dogs located in northern remote communities. In 2016, some female dogs were found to be infected with D. renale upon ovariohysterectomy. In response to this discovery, we developed a screening protocol to screen for D. renale infections. In 2018, a total of 130 intact dogs were transferred from 2 northern communities in the provinces of Ontario and Manitoba. A prevalence of 7.94% (95% confidence interval 3.87-14.11%) was found from dogs from the northern communities. The screening protocol we developed provides a method of screening for dogs that are transported from communities that could be at risk of infection with D. renale.
肾膨结线虫的生命周期涉及中间宿主（寡毛类环节动物）、副宿主（鱼类和蛙类）和终末宿主（鼬科和犬科动物）。当犬类食用感染肾膨结线虫幼虫的副宿主时，就有感染肾膨结线虫的风险。不能忽视含有中间宿主寡毛类环节动物的水作为另一种感染源。感染主要发生在右肾，但也有蠕虫在腹腔和其他器官中被发现。大多数犬只表现出无症状，感染通常在尸检时被偶然发现。最近，安大略省防止虐待动物协会（SPCA）和人道协会对位于北部偏远社区的犬只进行了运输。2016 年，在卵巢子宫切除术时发现一些母犬感染了肾膨结线虫。针对这一发现，我们制定了一种筛查方案来筛查肾膨结线虫感染。2018 年，共有 130 只未绝育的犬只从安大略省和曼尼托巴省的两个北部社区转移过来。来自北部社区的犬只的感染率为 7.94%（95%置信区间为 3.87-14.11%）。我们开发的筛查方案为从可能感染肾膨结线虫的社区转运的犬只提供了一种筛查方法。
