Centre for Zoonoses, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Science University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2021 Mar;153(3):320-326. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_636_21.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Issues such as emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food security, biosafety and biosecurity are associated with changes in land use, population growth, urbanization, global travel and trade and climate change. As a result, a trans-disciplinary approach among human, animal and environmental health disciplines gained support. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) decided to establish a National Institute of One Health at Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. In this context, two collaborative research projects, funded by the ICAR and ICMR were initiated to conduct the epidemiological surveillance of selected zoonotic diseases in Central India.
Disease surveillance and molecular detection employing standard techniques like enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immuno-fluroscent assay (IFA), standard tube agglutination test (STAT) , Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were undertaken based on the disease to be screened.
In animals, the seropositivities for listeriosis (7.66%) and brucellosis (11.69%) were recorded. The occurrence of tuberculosis (3.8%) and leptospirosis (6.33%) was detected by PCR. Through cross-sectional studies from suspected human population with associated risk factors for zoonotic diseases, the seropositivity of brucellosis (1.83-11%), listeriosis (1.01-10.18 %), leptospirosis (8.14-12.67%) and scrub typhus (1.78-20.34%) was recorded. The investigations on scrub typhus indicated bimodal pattern during the months of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season with a peak in post-monsoon in human cases. Ornithonyssus bacoti mites were identified from the rodents as a vector harbouring Orientia tsutsugamushi. The bovine tuberculosis was detected in 1.43 per cent human cases employing molecular assay.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated the occurrence of important zoonotic diseases adversely affecting the livestock health and human wellbeing. The scientific collaboration between veterinary and medical faculties has set an example for effective implementation of One Health (OH) programme for the establishment of National Institute of OH.
新发和再现传染病、抗微生物药物耐药性、食品安全、生物安全和生物安保等问题与土地利用、人口增长、城市化、全球旅行和贸易以及气候变化有关。因此，人类、动物和环境卫生学科之间的跨学科方法得到了支持。印度医学研究理事会（ICMR）和印度农业研究理事会（ICAR）决定在印度马哈拉施特拉邦那格浦尔建立一个国家综合健康研究所。在这种情况下，由 ICAR 和 ICMR 资助的两个合作研究项目启动，以在印度中部开展选定人畜共患病的流行病学监测。
采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、免疫荧光检测（IFA）、标准试管凝集试验（STAT）、虎红平板试验（RBPT）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）等标准技术进行疾病监测和分子检测，根据要筛查的疾病进行检测。
在动物中，李斯特菌病（7.66%）和布鲁氏菌病（11.69%）的血清阳性率被记录下来。PCR 检测到结核病（3.8%）和钩端螺旋体病（6.33%）的发生。通过对具有人畜共患病相关危险因素的疑似人群进行横断面研究，布鲁氏菌病（1.83-11%）、李斯特菌病（1.01-10.18%）、钩端螺旋体病（8.14-12.67%）和恙虫病（1.78-20.34%）的血清阳性率被记录下来。恙虫病的调查表明，在旱季后和雨季期间呈双峰模式，在雨季过后达到高峰。在啮齿动物中发现了携带东方立克次体的恙螨。利用分子检测法在 1.43%的人类病例中检测到牛型结核分枝杆菌。
这些数据表明，一些重要的人畜共患病的发生对牲畜健康和人类福祉产生了不利影响。兽医学和医学学院之间的科学合作为实施国家综合健康研究所的综合健康（OH）计划树立了一个范例。
