Goodman-Casanova Jessica Marian, Dura-Perez Elena, Guerrero-Pertiñez Gloria, Barnestein-Fonseca Pilar, Guzman-Parra Jose, Vega-Nuñez Amanda, Varela-Moreno Esperanza, Cuesta-Vargas Antonio, Mayoral-Cleries Fermin
Department of Mental Health, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2021 May 18;10(5):e26431. doi: 10.2196/26431.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to worldwide implementation of unprecedented restrictions to control its rapid spread and mitigate its impact. The Spanish government has enforced social distancing, quarantine, and home confinement measures. Such restrictions on activities of daily life and separation from loved ones may lead to social isolation and loneliness with health-related consequences among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia and their caregivers. Additionally, inadequate access to health care and social support services may aggravate chronic conditions. Home-based technological interventions have emerged for combating social isolation and loneliness, while simultaneously preventing the risk of virus exposure.
The aim of this cohort study is to explore, analyze, and determine the impact of social isolation on (1) cognition, quality of life, mood, technophilia, and perceived stress among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia and on the caregiver burden; (2) access to and utilization of health and social care services; and (3) cognitive, social, and entertainment-related uses of information and communication technologies.
This study will be conducted in Málaga (Andalucía, Spain). In total 200 dyads, consisting of a person with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia and his/her informal caregiver, will be contacted by telephone. Potential respondents will be participants of the following clinical trials: support, monitoring, and reminder technology for mild dementia (n=100) and television-based assistive integrated service to support European adults living with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment (n=100).
As of May 2021, a total of 153 participants have been enrolled and assessed during COVID-19 confinement, of whom 67 have been assessed at 6 months of enrollment. Changes in the mean values of the variables will be analyzed relative to baseline findings of previous studies with those during and after confinement, using repeated-measures analysis of variance or the nonparametric Friedman test, as appropriate. The performance of multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to introduce potential covariates will also be considered. Values of 95% CI will be used.
If our hypothesis is accepted, these findings will demonstrate the negative impact of social isolation owing to COVID-19 confinement on cognition, quality of life, mood, and perceived stress among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia, the impact on technophilia, caregiver burden, the access to and utilization of health and social care services, and the cognitive, social, and entertainment-related use of information and communication technologies during and after COVID-19 confinement.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04385797; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04385797.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/26431.
新冠疫情导致全球实施了前所未有的限制措施，以控制其快速传播并减轻其影响。西班牙政府已实施社交距离、隔离和居家限制措施。对日常生活活动的此类限制以及与亲人分离，可能会导致社区中患有轻度认知障碍或轻度痴呆的老年人及其照料者出现社会隔离和孤独感，并产生与健康相关的后果。此外，获得医疗保健和社会支持服务的机会不足可能会加重慢性病病情。基于家庭的技术干预措施已出现，用于对抗社会隔离和孤独感，同时预防病毒暴露风险。
本队列研究的目的是探索、分析并确定社会隔离对以下方面的影响：（1）社区中患有轻度认知障碍或轻度痴呆的老年人的认知、生活质量、情绪、技术偏好和感知压力，以及照料者负担；（2）获得和利用健康与社会护理服务的情况；（3）信息通信技术在认知、社交和娱乐方面的使用情况。
本研究将在西班牙安达卢西亚的马拉加进行。将通过电话联系总共200对组合人员，每对组合包括一名患有轻度认知障碍或轻度痴呆的人和其非正式照料者。潜在受访者将来自以下临床试验的参与者：轻度痴呆的支持、监测和提醒技术（n = 100）以及基于电视的辅助综合服务，以支持患有轻度痴呆或轻度认知障碍的欧洲成年人（n = 100）。
截至2021年5月，在新冠疫情居家隔离期间，共有153名参与者被招募并接受评估，其中67名在入组6个月时接受了评估。将使用重复测量方差分析或适当的非参数Friedman检验，相对于先前研究的基线结果以及隔离期间和隔离后的结果，分析变量均值的变化。还将考虑进行多变量协方差分析（ANCOVA）以引入潜在协变量。将使用95%置信区间值。
如果我们的假设被接受，这些发现将证明新冠疫情居家隔离导致的社会隔离对社区中患有轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆的老年人的认知、生活质量、情绪和感知压力产生负面影响，对技术偏好、照料者负担、获得和利用健康与社会护理服务的影响，以及在新冠疫情隔离期间和之后信息通信技术在认知、社交和娱乐方面的使用情况。
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04385797；https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04385797。
国际注册报告识别码（IRRID）：DERR1-10.2196/26431。
