Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2022 Jan;18(1):163-173. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4436. Epub 2021 May 20.
It is well established that agrochemicals can pose significant threats to native pollinators; however, relatively little is known about pollinator risks associated with agrochemicals that are used on beef cattle feed yards. Recently, feed yard-derived agrochemicals and those from row crop agriculture were quantified on wildflowers growing on the High Plains, USA. To better characterize pollinator risks on the High Plains, we collected colocated wildflowers and foraging bees across three field seasons for analytical determination of residual agrochemicals. Agrochemicals were detected and quantified on the majority of wildflowers (85%) and nearly half of bees (49%). Permethrin was the most frequently detected analyte on wildflowers (32%) and bees (17%). Flower hazard quotients and flower hazard indices were calculated to deterministically evaluate risk to foraging pollinators. Mean flower hazard quotients exceeded one for 5/16 analytes (31%), and flower hazard quotients calculated for 30% of wildflowers were greater than 50. Flower hazard quotients for clothianidin exceeded 400 for 14% of wildflowers, which portends conditions conducive to frequent bee mortalities. Flower hazard indices were greater on wildflowers from mid-July to mid-September as compared with wildflowers collected earlier in the summer, which coincides with row crop planting and increased prevalence of feed yard flies. Hazard quotients and hazard index values calculated from agrochemical residue data suggest that pollinators frequenting wildflowers near beef cattle feed yards and row crops on the High Plains are at risk from both individual sources, and more so when considered in combination. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:163-173. © 2021 SETAC.
众所周知，农用化学品会对本地传粉媒介构成重大威胁；然而，人们对用于肉牛饲养场的农用化学品对传粉媒介的风险相对知之甚少。最近，人们对美国大平原上野生花卉上生长的源自饲料场的农用化学品和源自大田农业的农用化学品进行了量化。为了更好地描述大平原上的传粉媒介风险，我们在三个野外季节中收集了具有相同地理位置的野生花卉和觅食蜜蜂，以便对残留农用化学品进行分析测定。在大多数野生花卉（85%）和近一半的蜜蜂（49%）上检测到农用化学品并对其进行了定量。在野生花卉（32%）和蜜蜂（17%）上，氯菊酯是最常被检测到的分析物。花危害系数和花危害指数被用来确定觅食传粉媒介的风险。有 5/16 种分析物（31%）的平均花危害系数超过 1，30%的野生花卉的花危害系数大于 50。14%的野生花卉上氯虫酰胺的花危害系数超过 400，这预示着蜜蜂频繁死亡的条件有利。与夏季早些时候采集的野生花卉相比，7 月中旬至 9 月中旬采集的野生花卉的花危害指数更大，这与大田作物种植和饲料场苍蝇增多同时发生。根据农用化学品残留数据计算出的危害系数和危害指数值表明，在大平原的肉牛饲养场和大田作物附近觅食的传粉媒介面临来自单个来源的风险，当这些风险综合考虑时，风险更大。《综合环境评估与管理》2022；18：163-173。©2021 SETAC。
