Laboratorio de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Servicio de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Allergy. 2021 Dec;76(12):3743-3754. doi: 10.1111/all.14884. Epub 2021 May 21.
Allergy to house dust mites (HDM), the most important source of indoor allergens worldwide, is diagnosed and treated using natural extracts from cultures that can contain immunoactive components from the HDM microbiome, including mite-infecting viruses. This study aimed to contribute to the discovery and characterization of RNA viruses from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, followed by their detection in different mite-derived sources.
Viruses were assembled after in silico metatranscriptomic analysis of D. pteronyssinus RNA samples, visualized by electron microscopy, and RNA detected by direct RT-PCR or data mining. Mite culture performance was evaluated in vivo.
Seven RNA viruses were identified in our laboratory stock colony. Picornavirus-like viral particles were detected in epithelial cells of the digestive system and in fecal pellets. Most of these viruses could be persistently transmitted to an inbred virus-free colony by inoculating fecal material from the stock colony. Upon viral infection, no significant effect could be seen on mite population growth. Transcriptomic screening confirmed the presence of homolog sequences to these viruses in independent laboratory stocks of D. pteronyssinus and in other Astigmata mites. Noteworthy, RNA from most of the viruses could be detected by RT-PCR on house dust samples, reference standards, and/or commercial diagnostic D. pteronyssinus extracts.
Our results show that viral infections are common and widespread in D. pteronyssinus, both in natural and culture-based growth conditions. Potential effects on the mites themselves and consequences toward allergenicity in humans whether exposed naturally or after immunotherapy are discussed.
屋尘螨（HDM）是全球最重要的室内过敏原，其过敏反应的诊断和治疗采用的是从培养物中提取的天然提取物，其中可能含有 HDM 微生物组的免疫活性成分，包括螨感染病毒。本研究旨在发现和鉴定来自屋尘螨的 RNA 病毒，并检测其在不同螨源中的存在。
通过对屋尘螨 RNA 样本进行计算机元转录组分析，利用电子显微镜观察病毒，直接进行 RT-PCR 或数据挖掘检测 RNA。通过体内评估螨的培养性能。
在我们的实验室种群中鉴定出 7 种 RNA 病毒。在消化系统的上皮细胞和粪便颗粒中检测到类微小 RNA 病毒样病毒颗粒。通过接种种群的粪便物质，可以将这些病毒中的大多数持续传播到无菌的近交系种群中。在病毒感染后，对螨种群的生长没有明显影响。转录组筛选证实了这些病毒在独立的实验室种群和其他 Astigmata 螨中存在同源序列。值得注意的是，通过 RT-PCR 可以从房屋灰尘样本、参考标准和/或商业诊断屋尘螨提取物中检测到大多数病毒的 RNA。
我们的研究结果表明，病毒感染在屋尘螨中普遍存在，无论是在自然条件下还是在基于培养的生长条件下。讨论了这些病毒对螨本身的潜在影响，以及对人类过敏性的影响，无论是自然暴露还是免疫治疗后。
