Murata Takayuki
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 8;9(4):778. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040778.
The immune system has evolved as a complex and efficient means of coping with extrinsic materials, such as pathogens and toxins, as well as intrinsic abnormalities, such as cancers. Although rapid and timely activation of the immune system is obviously important, regulated downregulation of the system is almost as significant as activation to prevent runaway immunity, such as allergies and hypercytokinemia. Therefore, the immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is beneficial for the host. On the other hand, pathogens have evolved to evade host immunity by taking advantage of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. This review is focused on human herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which cause various types of disorders, and their relationships with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Understanding such relationships will be useful for developing preventative and therapeutic methods for disorders caused by herpesviruses.
免疫系统已经进化成为一种复杂而有效的应对外部物质（如病原体和毒素）以及内部异常（如癌症）的手段。虽然免疫系统的快速及时激活显然很重要，但该系统的调节性下调对于防止免疫失控（如过敏和高细胞因子血症）几乎与激活一样重要。因此，免疫检查点程序性细胞死亡1（PD-1）/程序性细胞死亡配体1（PD-L1）通路对宿主有益。另一方面，病原体已经进化到通过利用PD-1/PD-L1通路来逃避宿主免疫。本综述聚焦于人类疱疹病毒，如引起各种类型疾病的单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）、巨细胞病毒（CMV）和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV），以及它们与PD-1/PD-L1通路的关系。了解这些关系将有助于开发针对疱疹病毒引起的疾病的预防和治疗方法。
