School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan.
Viruses. 2021 Apr 18;13(4):702. doi: 10.3390/v13040702.
The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, spanning the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The NE functions as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and as a transverse scaffold for various cellular processes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world's population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. From the aspects of nuclear membrane structure, viral components, and fundamental nucleocytoplasmic transport controls, this review summarizes our findings and recently updated information on NE structure modification and NE-related cellular processes mediated by EBV.
真核细胞的核膜（NE）具有高度的结构架构，包括双层脂质双分子层膜、核孔复合物和基底核纤层网络。NE 结构通过膜结合的 LINC（核骨架和细胞骨架的连接）复合物固定在位，跨越内外核膜。NE 作为核和细胞质之间的屏障，并作为各种细胞过程的横向支架。Epstein-Barr 病毒（EBV）是一种人类病原体，感染了世界上大多数人口，并与几种著名的恶性肿瘤有关。在细胞核内，复制的病毒 DNA 被包装成衣壳，随后从细胞核逸出到细胞质中进行被膜和最终包膜。越来越多的证据表明，病毒裂解基因表达或复制有助于 EBV 的发病机制。各种 EBV 裂解蛋白以不同的方式调节和调节核膜结构，特别是病毒 BGLF4 激酶和核出芽复合物 BFRF1/BFRF2。本文从核膜结构、病毒成分和基本核质转运控制等方面，总结了我们关于 EBV 介导的核膜结构修饰和与核膜相关的细胞过程的发现和最新信息。
