Pruszyńska-Oszmałek Ewa, Wojciechowska Małgorzata, Sassek Maciej, Krauss Hanna, Leciejewska Natalia, Szczepankiewicz Dawid, Ślósarz Piotr, Nogowski Leszek, Kołodziejski Paweł A
Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Mother and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Apr 17;10(4):339. doi: 10.3390/biology10040339.
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and the rising awareness of their negative consequences are forcing researchers to take a new view of nutrition and its consequences for the metabolism of whole organisms as well as the metabolism of their individual systems and cells. Despite studies on nutrition having been carried out for a few decades, not many of them have focused on the impacts of these diets on changes in the metabolism and endocrine functions of isolated adipocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate the effects of the long-term use (60 and 120 days) of a high-fat diet (HFD) and of a high-protein diet (HPD) on basic metabolic processes in fat cells-lipogenesis, lipolysis, and glucose uptake-and endocrine function, which was determined according to the secretion of adipokines into the incubation medium. Our results proved that the HPD diet improved insulin sensitivity, increased the intracellular uptake of glucose ( < 0.01) and its incorporation into lipids ( < 0.01) and modulated the endocrine function of these cells (decreasing leptin secretion; < 0.01). The levels of biochemical parameters in the serum blood also changed in the HPD-fed rats. The effects of the HFD were inverse, as expected. We observed a decrease in adiponectin secretion and a diminished rate of lipogenesis ( < 0.01). Simultaneously, the secretion of leptin and resistin ( < 0.01) from isolated adipocytes increased. In conclusion, we noted that the long-term use of HPD and HFD diets modulates the metabolism and endocrine functions of isolated rat adipocytes. We summarize that an HFD had a negative effect on fat tissue functioning, whereas an HPD had positive results, such as increased insulin sensitivity and an improved metabolism of glucose and lipids in fat tissue. Moreover, we noticed that negative metabolic changes are reflected more rapidly in isolated cells than in the metabolism of the whole organism.
超重和肥胖的患病率不断上升，以及人们对其负面后果的认识不断提高，这迫使研究人员对营养及其对整个生物体代谢以及其各个系统和细胞代谢的影响采取新的观点。尽管关于营养的研究已经进行了几十年，但其中没有多少研究关注这些饮食对分离的脂肪细胞代谢和内分泌功能变化的影响。因此，我们决定研究长期（60天和120天）使用高脂饮食（HFD）和高蛋白饮食（HPD）对脂肪细胞基本代谢过程——脂肪生成、脂肪分解和葡萄糖摄取——以及内分泌功能的影响，内分泌功能是根据脂肪细胞因子分泌到孵育培养基中的情况来确定的。我们的结果证明，HPD饮食改善了胰岛素敏感性，增加了细胞内葡萄糖摄取（<0.01）及其掺入脂质的量（<0.01），并调节了这些细胞的内分泌功能（减少瘦素分泌；<0.01）。喂食HPD的大鼠血清中的生化参数水平也发生了变化。正如预期的那样，HFD的影响则相反。我们观察到脂联素分泌减少，脂肪生成速率降低（<0.01）。同时，分离的脂肪细胞中瘦素和抵抗素的分泌增加（<0.01）。总之，我们注意到长期使用HPD和HFD饮食会调节分离的大鼠脂肪细胞的代谢和内分泌功能。我们总结认为，HFD对脂肪组织功能有负面影响，而HPD则有积极效果，如提高胰岛素敏感性以及改善脂肪组织中葡萄糖和脂质的代谢。此外，我们注意到负面的代谢变化在分离的细胞中比在整个生物体的代谢中反映得更快。
