Mróz Jan, Konstanciak Anna, Warzecha Marek, Więcek Marcin, Hutny Artur M
Department of Metallurgy and Metal Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Apr 12;14(8):1914. doi: 10.3390/ma14081914.
During the steel production process, nearly twice as many input materials are used as compared to finished products. This creates a large amount of post-production waste, including slag, dust, and sludge. New iron production technologies enable the reuse and recycling of metallurgical waste. This paper presents an investigation on the reduction of selected iron-bearing waste materials in a laboratory rotary furnace. Iron-bearing waste materials in the form of dust, scale, and sludge were obtained from several Polish metallurgical plants as research material. A chemical analysis made it possible to select samples with sufficiently high iron content for testing. The assumed iron content limit in waste materials was 40 wt.% Fe. A sieve analysis of the samples used in the subsequent stages of the research was also performed. The tests carried out with the use of a CO as a reducer, at a temperature of 1000 °C, allowed to obtain high levels of metallization of the samples for scale 91.6%, dust 66.9%, and sludge 97.3%. These results indicate that in the case of sludge and scale, the degree of metallization meets the requirements for charge materials used in both blast furnace (BF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking processes, while in the case of reduced dust, this material can be used as enriched charge in the blast furnace process. Reduction studies were also carried out using a gas mixture of CO and H (50 vol.% CO + 50 vol.% H). The introduction of hydrogen as a reducing agent in reduction processes meets the urgent need of reducing CO emissions. The obtained results confirm the great importance and influence of the selection of the right amount of reducer on the achievement of a high degree of metallization and that these materials can be a valuable source of metallic charge for blast furnace and steelmaking processes. At an earlier stage of the established research program, experiments of the iron oxides reduction from iron-bearing waste materials in a stationary layer in a Tammann furnace were also conducted.
在钢铁生产过程中，使用的原材料数量几乎是成品的两倍。这产生了大量的生产后废料，包括炉渣、粉尘和污泥。新的炼铁技术能够使冶金废料得到再利用和回收。本文介绍了在实验室回转炉中对选定含铁废料进行还原的研究。以粉尘、氧化皮和污泥形式存在的含铁废料取自几家波兰冶金厂作为研究材料。化学分析使得能够选择铁含量足够高的样品进行测试。废料中铁含量的假定限值为40 wt.% Fe。还对研究后续阶段使用的样品进行了筛分分析。使用CO作为还原剂在1000℃温度下进行的测试，使得氧化皮样品的金属化程度达到91.6%，粉尘样品为66.9%，污泥样品为97.3%。这些结果表明，对于污泥和氧化皮，金属化程度满足高炉（BF）和电弧炉（EAF）炼钢过程中所使用炉料的要求，而对于还原后的粉尘，这种材料可作为高炉炼铁过程中的富化炉料。还使用CO和H的混合气体（50 vol.% CO + 50 vol.% H）进行了还原研究。在还原过程中引入氢气作为还原剂满足了减少CO排放的迫切需求。所获得的结果证实了选择合适数量的还原剂对于实现高金属化程度的重要性和影响，并且这些材料可以成为高炉和炼钢过程中金属炉料的宝贵来源。在既定研究计划的早期阶段，还在塔曼炉的固定层中进行了含铁废料中铁氧化物还原的实验。
