Rodrigues Vitor Alves, Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa, Bossolani João William, Moretti Luiz Gustavo, Portugal José Roberto, Mundt Tamara Thaís, de Oliveira Sirlene Lopes, Garcia Ariani, Calonego Juliano Carlos, Lollato Romulo Pisa
Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18610-034, Brazil.
Throckmorton Plant Science Center, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University (KSU), 1712 Claflin Road, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Apr 19;10(4):797. doi: 10.3390/plants10040797.
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to explore whether supplementary magnesium (Mg) foliar fertilization to soybean and maize crops established in a soil without Mg limitation can improve the gas exchange and Rubisco activity, as well as improve antioxidant metabolism, converting higher plant metabolism into grain yield. (2) Methods: Here, we tested foliar Mg supplementation in soybean followed by maize. Nutritional status of plants, photosynthesis, PEPcase and Rubisco activity, sugar concentration on leaves, oxidative stress, antioxidant metabolism, and finally the crops grain yields were determined. (3) Results: Our results demonstrated that foliar Mg supplementation increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and reduced the sub-stomatal CO concentration and leaf transpiration by measuring in light-saturated conditions. The improvement in photosynthesis (gas exchange and Rubisco activity) lead to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the leaves before grain filling. In addition, we also confirmed that foliar Mg fertilization can improve anti-oxidant metabolism, thereby reducing the environmental stress that plants face during their crop cycle in tropical field conditions. (4) Conclusions: Our research brings the new glimpse of foliar Mg fertilization as a strategy to increase the metabolism of crops, resulting in increased grain yields. This type of biological strategy could be encouraged for wide utilization in cropping systems.
（1）背景：本研究的目的是探讨在镁元素不缺乏的土壤中种植的大豆和玉米作物进行叶面补充镁（Mg）施肥，是否能够改善气体交换和核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶（Rubisco）活性，以及改善抗氧化代谢，从而将高等植物的代谢转化为籽粒产量。（2）方法：在此，我们先对大豆进行叶面镁补充，随后对玉米进行该操作。测定了植物的营养状况、光合作用、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPcase）和Rubisco活性、叶片糖浓度、氧化应激、抗氧化代谢，最后测定了作物的籽粒产量。（3）结果：我们的结果表明，在光饱和条件下进行测定，叶面补充镁提高了净光合速率和气孔导度，并降低了胞间CO浓度和叶片蒸腾作用。光合作用的改善（气体交换和Rubisco活性）导致灌浆前叶片中糖浓度增加。此外，我们还证实叶面镁施肥能够改善抗氧化代谢，从而减轻热带田间条件下植物在作物生长周期中所面临的环境压力。（4）结论：我们的研究为叶面镁施肥作为一种增加作物代谢从而提高籽粒产量的策略带来了新的见解。这种生物策略应被广泛鼓励应用于种植系统。
