Viveiros Josiane, Moretti Luiz Gustavo, Alves Filho Israel, Pacola Marcela, Jacomassi Lucas Moraes, Rodrigues Vitor Alves, Jamal Amine, Bossolani João William, Portugal José Roberto, Carbonari Caio Antonio, Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa
Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Sciences (FCA), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), OCP Nutricrops, Casablanca, Morocco.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 28;16:1504244. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1504244. eCollection 2025.
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) directly impact final crop productivity by playing essential roles in photosynthesis, ATP formation, carbon assimilation, cell division, and transport. Compared with nutrient application to soil, the nutrients are applied directly to leaves provides a faster response because the nutrients enter plant metabolism more quickly. Foliar fertilization with nutritional supplements can intend to increase crop yields, and little is known about its ability to reduce oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effects of foliar fertilization on crop recovery from phytotoxicity induced by herbicide exposure. Phytotoxicity was induced in soybean, maize, and cotton plants by applying the herbicide carfentrazone-ethyl (at V, V and V growth stages, respectively), which induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, leading to membrane rupture and the appearance of chlorotic spots on leaves. Phytotoxicity induction was followed by the foliar application of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as a source of N and P. Leaf nutrient content, gas exchange performance, pigment content, photosynthetic enzyme activity, antioxidant metabolism, oxidative stress, proline content, metabolite content, and biometric parameters were evaluated. MAP supplementation increased chlorophyll content, and RuBisCO activity by up to 20.5% (maize) and 16.2% (cotton), respectively, resulting in higher net photosynthetic rates (26.3%; cotton), stomatal conductance (45.7%; cotton), water use efficiency (35.6%; cotton), and carboxylation efficiency (45%; cotton). The activities of antioxidant enzymes also increased, and the concentrations of oxidative stress indicators decreased (HO: 33.7% and MDA: 28.3%; soybean). Furthermore, the productivity of all three crops increased, suggesting that foliar application of MAP is an efficient strategy for attenuating phytotoxicity symptoms in crops.
磷（P）和氮（N）在光合作用、ATP形成、碳同化、细胞分裂和运输中发挥着重要作用，直接影响作物的最终生产力。与向土壤施肥相比，将养分直接施用于叶片能更快产生效果，因为养分能更快进入植物新陈代谢。使用营养补充剂进行叶面施肥旨在提高作物产量，但其减轻氧化应激的能力却鲜为人知。本研究评估了叶面施肥对除草剂暴露诱导的作物毒性恢复的影响。通过分别在大豆、玉米和棉花植株的V、V和V生长阶段施用除草剂乙羧氟草醚来诱导植物毒性，该除草剂会诱导细胞质中活性氧的积累，导致膜破裂并在叶片上出现褪绿斑点。在诱导植物毒性后，叶面施用磷酸一铵（MAP）作为氮和磷的来源。评估了叶片养分含量、气体交换性能、色素含量、光合酶活性、抗氧化代谢、氧化应激、脯氨酸含量、代谢物含量和生物特征参数。补充MAP分别使玉米和棉花的叶绿素含量和RuBisCO活性提高了20.5%和16.2%，从而使棉花的净光合速率提高了26.3%，气孔导度提高了45.7%，水分利用效率提高了35.6%，羧化效率提高了45%。抗氧化酶的活性也有所增加，氧化应激指标的浓度降低（大豆中过氧化氢：33.7%，丙二醛：28.3%）。此外，所有三种作物的产量都有所提高，这表明叶面施用MAP是减轻作物植物毒性症状的有效策略。
