Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Apr 25;12(5):637. doi: 10.3390/genes12050637.
In this study we assessed the level of genetic introgression between red foxes bred on fur farms in Poland and the native wild population. We also evaluated the impact of a geographic barrier and isolation by distance on gene flow between two isolated subpopulations of the native red fox and their genetic differentiation. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was collected from a total of 308 individuals (200 farm and 108 wild red foxes) to study non-native allele flow from farm into wild red fox populations. Genetic structure analyses performed using 24 autosomal microsatellites showed two genetic clusters as being the most probable number of distinct populations. No strong admixture signals between farm and wild red foxes were detected, and significant genetic differentiation was identified between the two groups. This was also apparent from the mtDNA analysis. None of the concatenated haplotypes detected in farm foxes was found in wild animals. The consequence of this was that the haplotype network displayed two genetically distinct groups: farm foxes were completely separated from native ones. Neither the River Vistula nor isolation by distance had a significant impact on gene flow between the separated wild red fox subpopulations. The results of our research indicate a low probability of genetic introgression between farm and native red foxes, and no threat to the genetic integrity of this species.
在这项研究中，我们评估了在波兰的皮毛农场饲养的红狐与本地野生种群之间的遗传渗入水平。我们还评估了地理屏障和距离隔离对两个本地红狐隔离亚种群之间基因流动的影响及其遗传分化。从总共 308 只个体（200 只农场红狐和 108 只野生红狐）中收集核和线粒体 DNA，以研究非本地等位基因从农场向野生红狐种群的流动。使用 24 个常染色体微卫星进行的遗传结构分析表明，两个遗传聚类是最可能的不同种群数量。未检测到农场和野生红狐之间存在强烈的混合信号，并且两组之间存在明显的遗传分化。这从 mtDNA 分析中也可以看出。在农场狐狸中检测到的串联单倍型没有一个在野生动物中发现。结果是，单倍型网络显示出两个遗传上截然不同的群体：农场狐狸与本地狐狸完全分离。维斯瓦河和距离隔离都没有对分离的野生红狐亚种群之间的基因流动产生重大影响。我们的研究结果表明，农场和本地红狐之间遗传渗入的可能性很低，对该物种的遗传完整性没有威胁。
