Li Zaiyuan, Xu Bo, Du Tianhua, Ma Yuekun, Tian Xiaohai, Wang Fulian, Wang Wenkai
Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Institute of Entomological Science, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Apr 27;10(5):875. doi: 10.3390/plants10050875.
Fertilization can trigger bottom-up effects on crop plant-insect pest interactions. The intensive use of nitrogen fertilizer has been a common practice in rice production, while the yield has long been challenged by the white-backed planthopper, (Horváth). High nitrogen fertilization can facilitate infestation, however, how nitrogen fertilizer leads to high infestation and the nutritional interactions between rice and are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer application (0-350 kg/ha) on rice, and subsequently on performance. We found that higher nitrogen fertilizer application: (1) increases the preference of infestation behaviors (feeding and oviposition), (2) extends infestation time (adult lifespan), and (3) shortens generation reproduction time (nymph, pre-oviposition, and egg period), which explain the high infestation ratio on rice paddies under high nitrogen conditions. Moreover, high nitrogen fertilizer application increased all tested rice physical indexes (plant height, leaf area, and leaf width) and physiological indexes (chlorophyll content, water content, dry matter mass, and soluble protein content), except for leaf thickness, which was reduced. Correlation analysis indicated that the specific rice physical and/or physiological indexes were conducive to the increased infestation behavior preference, extended infestation time, and shortened generation reproduction time of . The results suggested that nitrogen fertilizer triggers bottom-up effects on rice and increases populations. The present study provides an insight into how excess nitrogen fertilization shapes rice-planthopper interactions and the consequent positive effect on infestation.
施肥会引发对作物-害虫相互作用的自下而上的影响。在水稻生产中，大量使用氮肥是一种常见做法，然而，产量长期受到白背飞虱（Horváth）的挑战。高施氮量会助长虫害，但是，氮肥如何导致高虫害以及水稻与白背飞虱之间的营养相互作用却鲜为人知。在此，我们评估了不同施氮水平（0 - 350千克/公顷）对水稻的影响，以及随后对白背飞虱表现的影响。我们发现，较高的施氮量：（1）增加了虫害行为（取食和产卵）的偏好，（2）延长了虫害时间（成虫寿命），（3）缩短了世代繁殖时间（若虫、产卵前期和卵期），这解释了在高氮条件下稻田中白背飞虱的高虫害率。此外，高施氮量增加了所有测试的水稻物理指标（株高、叶面积和叶宽）和生理指标（叶绿素含量、含水量、干物质质量和可溶性蛋白含量），但叶厚度降低。相关性分析表明，特定的水稻物理和/或生理指标有利于白背飞虱增加的虫害行为偏好、延长的虫害时间和缩短的世代繁殖时间。结果表明，氮肥对白背飞虱引发了自下而上的影响并增加了其种群数量。本研究深入探讨了过量施氮如何塑造水稻-飞虱相互作用以及对虫害产生的积极影响。
