School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK.
Mountain Bike Centre of Scotland, Peel Tower, Glentress EH45 8NB, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 26;18(9):4603. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094603.
Understanding the sport-specific immune response elicited during both training and competition is imperative to maximise athlete health and performance. Despite a growing population of professional enduro mountain bike athletes, little is known about the recovery of the immune system following enduro racing events.
Nine international level elite enduro mountain bike athletes (age 24.3 ± 2.4 years, height 178.5 ± 8.7 cm, mass 76.5 ± 12.5 kg) completed a laboratory-based maximal exercise test (LAB) on a cycle ergometer and competed in an international mountain bike enduro race event (RACE). Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and 1 h after LAB and before, 1 h after, and 17 h after RACE. Leukocyte subsets were enumerated using seven-colour flow cytometry. Lucia's training impulse (LuTRIMP) and vibration exposure (VIB) were quantified during RACE.
Seven participants were included in the final analyses. There was a significant ( < 0.05) increase in neutrophil count alongside a reduction of cytotoxic lymphocyte cell subsets of both the innate (CD3/CD56 NK-cells and CD3/CD56 NK-cells) and adaptive (CD8/CD62L/CD45RA T-cells and CD8/CD27/CD28 T-cells) components of the immune system one hour after RACE. All cell counts returned to baseline values 17 h afterwards ( > 0.05). Cell subset redistribution from pre- to post-one-hour time points (%Δpre-post1h) in cell subsets with potent effector functions (Neutrophils, CD3/CD56 NK-cells, CD8/CD62L/CD45RA T-cells, CD8/CD27/CD28 T-cells, and CD3/CD56/CD57 NK-cells) was significantly greater at RACE than LAB ( < 0.05). VIB was shown to be a superior predictor of %Δpre-post1h CD4 T-cells, CD4 early T-cells, CD4 naïve T-cells, and NK cells as compared with LuTRIMP on its own (Δ = 0.63 - 0.89, < 0.05).
The race event offers a greater challenge to the immune system than LAB, and potentially, whole body vibration is a key component of training load measurement in mountain bike applications.
了解训练和比赛期间特定于运动的免疫反应对于最大化运动员的健康和表现至关重要。尽管专业耐力山地自行车运动员的人数不断增加，但对耐力赛赛后免疫系统的恢复知之甚少。
9 名国际水平的精英耐力山地自行车运动员（年龄 24.3±2.4 岁，身高 178.5±8.7cm，体重 76.5±12.5kg）在自行车测功计上进行了实验室最大运动测试（LAB），并参加了国际山地自行车耐力赛（RACE）。在 LAB 前后、1 小时后和 RACE 前后 1 小时、17 小时后采集血样。使用七色流式细胞术对白细胞亚群进行计数。在 RACE 期间量化了 Lucia 的训练冲击（LuTRIMP）和振动暴露（VIB）。
最终有 7 名参与者纳入了分析。RACE 后 1 小时，中性粒细胞计数显著增加（ < 0.05），同时固有免疫（CD3/CD56 NK 细胞和 CD3/CD56 NK 细胞）和适应性免疫（CD8/CD62L/CD45RA T 细胞和 CD8/CD27/CD28 T 细胞）的细胞亚群的细胞毒性淋巴细胞减少。所有细胞计数在 17 小时后恢复到基线值（ > 0.05）。在预至 1 小时后时间点的细胞亚群中，具有潜在效应功能的细胞亚群（中性粒细胞、CD3/CD56 NK 细胞、CD8/CD62L/CD45RA T 细胞、CD8/CD27/CD28 T 细胞和 CD3/CD56/CD57 NK 细胞）的细胞计数分布从预至 1 小时后时间点的变化（%Δpre-post1h）在 RACE 中明显大于 LAB（ < 0.05）。与 LuTRIMP 相比，VIB 显示为 %Δpre-post1h CD4 T 细胞、CD4 早期 T 细胞、CD4 幼稚 T 细胞和 NK 细胞的更好预测指标（Δ=0.63-0.89， < 0.05）。
比赛比 LAB 对免疫系统构成更大的挑战，而全身振动可能是山地自行车应用中训练负荷测量的关键组成部分。
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