Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/SportsDoc2009.
Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2021 May;105(3):473-491. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Apr 2.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. The main risk factor is advancing age, with the severity of vision loss ranging from mild to severe. There is a 25% risk of early AMD and 8% risk of late AMD in patients over the age of 75, with the number of cases expected to increase because of the aging population. Diagnosis of the disease requires a dilated fundus examination. Physicians should be aware of the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for AMD to refer appropriately for ophthalmologic evaluation. Early detection can be helpful to prevent disease progression.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是导致失明的主要原因之一。主要的危险因素是年龄的增长，视力丧失的严重程度从轻度到重度不等。75 岁以上的患者早期 AMD 的风险为 25%，晚期 AMD 的风险为 8%，由于人口老龄化，预计病例数量将会增加。这种疾病的诊断需要进行散瞳眼底检查。医生应该了解 AMD 的症状、危险因素和治疗选择，以便适当地转介进行眼科评估。早期发现有助于防止疾病进展。
