University of Republic, Uruguay.
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
J Int Acad Periodontol. 2021 Apr 1;23(2):150-166.
To assess the periodontal status in cannabis smokers in comparison with non-cannabis smokers.
Electronic databases were searched as well as hand searches performed. Eligible studies followed the Population Exposure Comparison Outcome Study (PECOS) structure: P: dentate humans, E: cannabis smoking, C: non-cannabis smoking, O: Primary outcomes: periodontitis case definition, clinical attachment loss, probing depth; Secondary outcomes: bleeding on probing/ gingival inflammation, plaque index and calculus; S: observational studies. Qualitative analyses of the studies were done. The quality of cohort studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and cross-sectional studies were assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
2661 records were screened, of which 14 articles were included. Data from a cohort study showed that highly exposed participants were at higher risk of clinical attachment loss progression. Six cross-sectional studies reported worse gingival or periodontal conditions in cannabis smokers. Nevertheless, one did not find such association, neither did three case series. Three studies were of high, two of moderate and six were of low quality.
Based on the available data, frequent cannabis smoking could be detrimental for periodontal tissues and this could be dose-dependent. Studies including long-term cannabis smokers, and stratified for periodontal disease etiologic factors and risk factors/indicators are needed.
评估与非大麻吸烟者相比，大麻吸烟者的牙周状况。
电子数据库检索与手工检索同时进行。合格的研究遵循人群暴露比较结局研究（PECOS）结构：P：有牙齿的人类，E：吸食大麻，C：非吸食大麻，O：主要结局：牙周炎定义、临床附着丧失、探诊深度；次要结局：探诊出血/牙龈炎症、菌斑指数和牙石；S：观察性研究。对研究进行定性分析。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估队列研究的质量，使用改良的纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估横断面研究的质量。
共筛选出 2661 条记录，其中 14 篇文章被纳入。一项队列研究的数据表明，高暴露组参与者的临床附着丧失进展风险更高。六项横断面研究报告大麻吸烟者的牙龈或牙周状况较差。然而，一项研究未发现这种关联，三项病例系列研究也未发现这种关联。三项研究为高质量，两项为中质量，六项为低质量。
根据现有数据，频繁吸食大麻可能对牙周组织有害，且这种损害可能与剂量有关。需要包括长期吸食大麻的研究，并对牙周病病因因素和风险因素/指标进行分层。
