Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Jul 1;224:108730. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108730. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
Tranquilizer misuse is insufficiently acknowledged as a public health problem despite its alarming consequences. Instruments to measure psychosocial factors related to tranquilizer misuse are lacking. We aimed to develop and validate a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice questionnaire of tranquilizer misuse by adults in Spain.
The questionnaire was designed after an extensive literature review and several meetings with experts. We assessed face and content validity, and pilot tested the questionnaire. We examined its reliability by test-retest analysis in a sample of 145 adults. We distributed the questionnaire to 879 individuals, tested the construct validity through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), measured its overall reliability and determined its acceptability.
The Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI from 0.78 to 1.00), the Scale Content Validity Index, using the averaging method (S-CVI/Ave = 0.95) and the fact that the modified Kappa statistic for each of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice items was equal to I-CVI demonstrated the content validity of the questionnaire. The Intra-Class Correlation coefficients for Knowledge and Attitude items were > 0.5, establishing their reliability. The Knowledge and Attitude construct was modeled using CFA and the model showed a good fit, thus establishing its validity. The overall reliability of the construct was revealed by Cronbach՚s alpha values > 0.6. The questionnaire was highly accepted (response rate = 95 % and item non-response ≤ 4%).
The validity of the developed questionnaire was established. Its availability will stimulate the initiation of research on tranquilizer misuse and will consequently help in designing related public health interventions.
尽管镇静剂滥用会产生严重后果，但人们对其作为一个公共卫生问题的认识还远远不够。目前缺乏衡量与镇静剂滥用相关的社会心理因素的工具。本研究旨在开发和验证适用于西班牙成年人的镇静剂滥用知识、态度和行为问卷。
该问卷是在广泛的文献回顾和与专家的多次会议后设计的。我们评估了表面效度和内容效度，并对问卷进行了预测试。我们在 145 名成年人的样本中进行了重测信度分析，以评估其可靠性。我们向 879 人分发了问卷，通过验证性因素分析（CFA）测试了结构效度，测量了其整体信度，并确定了其可接受性。
问卷的项目内容效度指数（I-CVI 为 0.78 至 1.00）、平均法计算的量表内容效度指数（S-CVI/Ave=0.95），以及每个知识、态度和行为项目的修正 Kappa 统计量等于 I-CVI，均表明问卷具有内容效度。知识和态度项目的组内相关系数（ICC）均>0.5，表明其可靠性。使用 CFA 对知识和态度结构进行建模，模型拟合良好，表明其具有有效性。结构的整体信度通过 Cronbach α 值>0.6 得到证实。该问卷的接受度很高（应答率为 95%，项目无应答率≤4%）。
开发的问卷具有良好的效度。其可用性将激发镇静剂滥用研究的开展，并有助于设计相关的公共卫生干预措施。
