Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jul 15;290:112582. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112582. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Groundwater recharge sources analysis, including identification of the recharge sources and calculation of the mixing ratios, is of great importance for hydrogeological research and water resources management. In this research, a new approach, multivariate mixing and mass-balance calculations (M3) model combined with MIX calculations (M3-MIX calculations), was proposed to overcome shortcomings and limitations of existing methods and to accurately describe aquifer systems with more than three groundwater sources and get more accurate mixing ratios. A synthetic case with random sources were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of M3-MIX calculations. The results of both mixing ratios and composition of recharge sources show that M3-MIX calculations is superior to traditional methods such as least squares, and is also superior to the results obtained by using M3 model or MIX calculations alone. The approach is then applied to analyze groundwater recharge sources of the Huangshui River groundwater reservoir, China. Three recharge sources were calculated based on M3-MIX calculations: brackish groundwater affected by seawater intrusion, atmospheric precipitation, and groundwater from upstream affected by agricultural activities. The mixing ratios of the three recharge sources are 3.3%, 19.3%, and 77.4%, respectively. In addition, ion concentrations deviate from the mixing line indicates that hydrochemical processes, such as mineral dissolution/precipitation and ion exchange processes, may occur in the study area. The results of this work indicate that M3-MIX calculations has the potential to provide the accurate understanding of groundwater recharge, and thus providing useful information for the exploitation, utilization, and protection of groundwater in unsaturated and saturated zones.
地下水补给源分析，包括补给源的识别和混合比的计算，对水文地质研究和水资源管理具有重要意义。在这项研究中，提出了一种新的方法，即多元混合和质量平衡计算（M3）模型与 MIX 计算（M3-MIX 计算）相结合，以克服现有方法的缺点和局限性，并准确描述具有三个以上地下水补给源的含水层系统，获得更准确的混合比。采用随机补给源的综合案例来评估 M3-MIX 计算的有效性。混合比和补给源组成的结果表明，M3-MIX 计算优于传统方法（如最小二乘法），也优于单独使用 M3 模型或 MIX 计算获得的结果。然后将该方法应用于分析中国湟水地下水水库的地下水补给源。基于 M3-MIX 计算，计算了三个补给源：受海水入侵影响的咸地下水、大气降水和受农业活动影响的上游地下水。三个补给源的混合比分别为 3.3%、19.3%和 77.4%。此外，离子浓度偏离混合线表明，在研究区域可能发生水化学过程，如矿物溶解/沉淀和离子交换过程。这项工作的结果表明，M3-MIX 计算有可能提供对地下水补给的准确理解，从而为不饱和和饱和带地下水的开发、利用和保护提供有用信息。
