Departamento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F. México.
Departamento de Fisiología de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México D.F. México.
Clin Nutr. 2021 May;40(5):2527-2534. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.048. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global death. Hypercholesterolemia is among the main risk factors for developing cardiovascular events, and is highly prevalent in the Mexican population. The primary objective of the present work was to assess the effect of a dietary portfolio (DP) with functional foods containing dehydrated nopal, soy protein, chia seeds, inulin, and oats in LDL-C and TC concentrations of subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia. Also, we explored the changes in the profile of the lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).
Sixty-two subjects (47 women, 15 men) with mild hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C, ≥130 ≤ 190 mg/dL, TC > 200 mg/dL) completed the randomized, parallel, controlled study. The dietary intervention was given in two stages. First, a dietary standardization stage with a low saturated fat diet (LSFD) which matched the habitual energy intake of the volunteers for 2-weeks, followed by 2.5 months of dietary intervention with a LSFD plus placebo (PL) or DP.
Subjects who consumed the LSFD + DP interventions had a significantly higher reduction of LDL-C (-18.05%, P = 0.003) and TC (-17.08%, P = 0.02) compared to volunteers who consumed an LSFD for the same period. Furthermore, the lipoprotein subclass profiling showed that the small low-density-lipoproteins, and the small high-density-lipoproteins significantly decreased (P = 0.04, P < 0.001, respectively), conveying a less atherogenic state. At the end of the study, 78% of the subjects who consumed LSFD + DP reduced their LDL-C below 160 mg/dL, and of these, 47% reduced it below 130 mg/dL.
Based on the results obtained from this study, the inclusion of functional foods as part of the lifestyle modifications is recommended to treat mild hypercholesterolemia and reduce cardiovascular risk. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04148976.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球死亡的主要原因。高胆固醇血症是发生心血管事件的主要危险因素之一，在墨西哥人群中发病率很高。本研究的主要目的是评估含有脱水仙人掌、大豆蛋白、奇亚籽、菊粉和燕麦的功能性食品的饮食组合（DP）对轻度高胆固醇血症患者 LDL-C 和 TC 浓度的影响。此外，我们还探讨了通过核磁共振光谱（NMR）测量的脂蛋白亚类谱的变化。
62 名（47 名女性，15 名男性）轻度高胆固醇血症（LDL-C≥130≤190mg/dL，TC＞200mg/dL）患者完成了这项随机、平行、对照研究。饮食干预分为两个阶段。首先，进行低饱和脂肪饮食（LSFD）标准化阶段，使志愿者的习惯性能量摄入匹配 2 周，然后进行 2.5 个月的 LSFD 加安慰剂（PL）或 DP 饮食干预。
与同一时期食用 LSFD 的志愿者相比，食用 LSFD+DP 干预的受试者 LDL-C（-18.05%，P=0.003）和 TC（-17.08%，P=0.02）的降低幅度明显更高。此外，脂蛋白亚类谱分析表明，小而密低密度脂蛋白和小而密高密度脂蛋白显著降低（P=0.04，P＜0.001），提示发生动脉粥样硬化的风险降低。研究结束时，78%食用 LSFD+DP 的受试者 LDL-C 降至 160mg/dL 以下，其中 47%降至 130mg/dL 以下。
基于本研究的结果，建议将功能性食品作为生活方式改变的一部分，用于治疗轻度高胆固醇血症和降低心血管风险。在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册号 NCT04148976 下注册。
